“gang of four”
Poverty-promoting features that keep populations destitute
Associated with profound stigma
Urgent need for stepped-up advocacy and resource mobilization
Notes
1. The designation of HIV/AIDS as the “plague of the 21st century” is found in Skolnik 2007, p. 191. The definition of “manifesto” is from Agnes, 2000, p. 874.
2. Further details on funded programs for HIV/AIDS and malaria and their relationship to the neglected tropical diseases are found in Hotez, 2011; and Hotez et al., 2011.
3. The original core list of 13 NTDs was shaped and refined by Molyneux et al., 2005; Hotez et al., 2006a; and Hotez et al., 2007. The WHO’s list of 17 NTDs was first reported in World Health Organization, 2010.
4. The numbers of people infected with NTDs are found in or modified from a number of sources, including Hotez et al., 2007; Hotez, 2012; Bethony et al., 2006; Furst et al., 2012; Nash and Garcia, 2011; Rajshekhar et al., 2003; Budke et al., 2006; and www.who.int/blindness/causes/priority/en/index2.html. These numbers continually require updating based on new studies and control measures.
5. Further details regarding Africa’s disease burden are found in Molyneux et al., 2005; and Hotez and Kamath, 2009. Information about the link between NTDs and slavery from Africa is found in Lammie et al., 2007.
6. Many of these features are excellently summarized in World Health Organization, 2003.
7. Specific citations of ancient references on NTDs can be found in Hotez et al., 2006b.
8. Details of the estimates for deaths and DALYs resulting from the NTDs can be found in Hotez et al., 2006a, and Murray et al., 2012.
9. Specific references for these data can be found in Hotez et al., 2007; Hotez and Ferris, 2006; and Hotez et al., 2009.
10. Interviews and qualitative analysis of patients with LF are described in Perera et al., 2007.
11. Some of the details about the relationships between stigma and health are outlined in Weiss and Ramakrishna, 2006. In addition, there are excellent descriptions of the stigmatizing aspects of NTDs in World Health Organization, 2003. In May 2008, a special issue of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases was devoted to the links between stigma and NTDs, with a lead article by Mitchell Weiss (Weiss, 2008). The effects of NTDs on the general and specific aspects of mental health were recently summarized in Litt et al., 2012.
12. The three levels of neglect are described in greater detail in World Health Organization, 2006, p. 3.
13. Hunt, 2006.
14. Hotez et al., 2007.
15. Details of the END7 campaign can be found at end7.org and www.globalnetwork.org. Details on the student-led efforts can be found at Kishore and Dhadialla, 2007.
References
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