Combine and save selected bodies as an individual part model. (a)...Figure 11.36 Examples of sheet moulding compound products in an automobile (As...Figure 11.37 Illustration of compression moulding process.Figure 11.38 Example of compression moulding simulation in Autodesk Modflow (L...Figure 11.39 Simulation of a draping process and example (Hinterhölzl 2014): (...Figure 11.40 Deformations of composites in the draping process (Hinterhölzl 20...Figure 11.41 Geometric approach for evaluation of distortion (Hinterhölzl 2014...Figure 11.42 Activating the surface flatten tool in SolidWorks.Figure 11.43 Using the surface flatten tool in SolidWorks.Figure 11.44 Flatten the surface as a feature of the part model.Figure 11.45 Viewing the deformation.Figure 11.46 Comparison of deformations with/without stress relief cuts: (a) w...Figure 11.47 Failure in creating a flattened surface for the entire part surfa...Figure 11.48 Segmentation technique applied to a complex non‐smooth part: (a) ...Figure 11.49 Example of an injection moulded part for Design Project 1.Figure 11.50 Sample mould assembly for an injection moulded part.12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 The data growth in product lifecycle (King 2018).Figure 12.2 Correspondence of system‐level goals and computer solution in impl...Figure 12.3 NIST enterprise architecture model (Wikipedia 2019a).Figure 12.4 DM Enterprise Architecture (EA).Figure 12.5 Integration of digital and physical twins.Figure 12.6 Digital enabling technologies in different domains (PWC 2017).Figure 12.7 IoT and BDA make all types of interactions possible.Figure 12.8 Trend of manufacturing business model versus IT development (Kawas...Figure 12.9 Transition of EA in its lifecycle (Gao 2000).Figure 12.10 Maintenance of EA in its lifecycle.Figure 12.11 Big data in digital manufacturing.Figure 12.12 Increased data from expansion of manufacturing businesses over a ...Figure 12.13 Requirements of data analysis of DM (KPMG 2018).Figure 12.14 Basic classes of Simio objects (Pegden 2012).Figure 12.15 Objects in the simulation model for a 3D printing lab.Figure 12.16 Definition of JobOrders in modelling of simulation model. (a) Cre...Figure 12.17 Defining properties of objects in modelling. (a) Properties of So...Figure 12.18 The interface to set up simulation parameters.Figure 12.19 Screen snapshot of a simulation process in 3D space.Figure 12.20 Statistic simulation results.Figure 12.21 DEDS modelling example for Design Project 12.1. (a) Illustration...
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 AM application examples. (a) Aerospace. (b) Denture. (c) Implants....Figure 13.2 Classification of AM applications (Gebhardt and Hötter 2016).Figure 13.3 Types of layer manufacturing processes (LMPs).Figure 13.4 Predicted market growth of AM (billion US dollars/year) (Frost and...Figure 13.5 Different methods for creating part geometry. (a) Additive process...Figure 13.6 Classification of additive manufacturing technologies.Figure 13.7 Vat photo‐polymerization process.Figure 13.8 Powder bed fusion (PBF) process.Figure 13.9 Binder jetting process.Figure 13.10 Material jetting process.Figure 13.11 Material extrusion process.Figure 13.12 Sheet lamination process.Figure 13.13 Direct energy disposition (DED) process.Figure 13.14 Procedure of AM processes.Figure 13.15 The same solid geometry with different information in SLDPRT and ...Figure 13.16 Resolution setting affects the part quality and file size. (a) Co...Figure 13.17 Process parameters in AM by the FDM machine (Ha 2016).Figure 13.18 Design for additive manufacturing.Figure 13.19 Print orientation affects bulk and local mechanical properties.Figure 13.20 Definition of overhanging angle.Figure 13.21 Ideal extrusion flow rate to avoid quality problems on the part.Figure 13.22 Prototyped prosthetic hand by Greene et al. (2019) as reference f...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Three pillars or dimensions of sustainability.Figure 14.2 From traditional manufacturing to sustainable manufacturing.Figure 14.3 Evolution of sustainable manufacturing and concepts.Figure 14.4 Changes of manufacturing business environment.Figure 14.5 Energy exploration, discovery, and consumption (GEP Project 2019).Figure 14.6 Predicted years of fossil fuel reserves left (Ritchie 2017).Figure 14.7 Increase of CO2 level over time (UCSUSA 2016).Figure 14.8 Increase of temperature over time (UCSUSA 2016).Figure 14.9 Sea level rise in recent years (Four Peaks Technologies 2012).Figure 14.10 Manufacturing electricity consumption by major end users (EIA 201...Figure 14.11 The prediction of energy consumption by Ritchie and Roser (2019).Figure 14.12 Inclusion of sustainability in manufacturing. (a) Traditional ope...Figure 14.13 Businesses and metrics in sustainable manufacturing.Figure 14.14 Traditional manufacturing system.Figure 14.15 Constitutions of a sustainable manufacturing system.Figure 14.16 Evaluation of sustainability in a manufacturing system.Figure 14.17 Hardware and software in an RMS.Figure 14.18 Reconfigurability for sustainability of a manufacturing system.Figure 14.19 Assessment of sustainability in lifecycles of products from cradl...Figure 14.20 Practices for design for sustainability (The US Department of Com...Figure 14.21 Continuous improvement (CI) project for D4S (Crul and Diehl 2019)...Figure 14.22 Constitutions and supportive tools in SolidWorks Sustainability.Figure 14.23 Six stages of LCA for sustainability.Figure 14.24 Classes and types in the material library. (a) Material class. (b...Figure 14.25 Inputs for environmental impact – manufacturing region and proces...Figure 14.26 Inputs for environmental impact – transportation and use.Figure 14.27 The example of assessment results. (a) Environmental impact. (b) ...Figure 14.28 Interface to save, set, and import a baseline design.Figure 14.29 Materials selection for environmental impacts.Figure 14.30 SolidWorks Sustainability supports product LCA of assembly model.Figure 14.31 Costing analysis tool in SolidWorks. (a) Evaluation commend group...Figure 14.32 Inputs of costing analysis – process type and material.Figure 14.33 Inputs of costing analysis – process details and quantity.Figure 14.34 Example of the results from costing analysis.
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