Adhesives for Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials. R. N. Kumar

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       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      ISBN 978-1-119-60543-0

This book is dedicated to my (Dr. R. N. Kumar) son, the late Dr. Gopal Kumar who evinced keen interest in my endeavor to write the book.

Preface

      The dramatic increase in the production of reconstituted wood products over the past 100 years has been made possible through the systematic development of new adhesives devised to meet the growing challenges of the times. Originally, large-diameter trees were available, but as their availability decreased, followed by a corresponding increase in price, the wood industry had to meet the challenge by attempting to use small-diameter trees and comminuted wood particles, fibers and pulp mill waste. This resulted in the development of reconstituted wood produced from the comminuted particles bound together with adhesives. This development had a significant impact on meeting challenges. The development of new types of adhesives—both synthetic petroleum-based adhesives as well as adhesives of natural origin—occurred during this period.

This trend of moving away from solid wood towards the utilization of elements of regularly reduced dimensions was recognized by Marra [1], who illustrated his concept with the “nonperiodic table of wood elements” shown in Figure 1 [2].

Figure 1 Basic wood elements from largest to smallest (i.e., breakdown of solid wood into finer elementary components [1].

      This concept established the future trends in the wood-based industry, namely, (1) use of smaller trees, (2) use of waste from other wood processing, (3) removal of defects, (4) use of rare and hitherto unused wood species, natural lignocellulosic fibers, (5) creation of more uniform components, (6) development of composites stronger than the original solid wood, (7) ability to make composites of different shapes and (8) glulams, OSB, LVL, etc., (9) development of natural-fiber polymer-matrix composites, (9) development of more sophisticated engineered wood products and structural elements, such as wooden I-Joist box beams, aided by the availability of new or improved wood adhesives, (10) development of sandwich composites of wood and non-wood materials such as metal- and plastic-faced wood panels, paper and metal honeycomb sandwiches, etc.

It is interesting to note that an answer is slowly emerging to the question mark in Figure 1. Exciting new opportunities are emerging in the field of biorefining to produce chemical feedstocks, syngas, and nanocrystalline cellulose. In the near future, nanocrystalline cellulose, produced as a high-value by-product from the biorefining process, could likely compete with carbon fiber for use in innovative high-strength biocomposites.

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