Common Ion Species
7.5 Hardness
7.6 Chemical Water Softening
7.7 Nitrogen
7.8 Phosphorus
7.9 Sulfur
7.10 Chlorine
7.11 Other Halogens
7.12 Metals
7.13 Solids
7.14 Organic Chemicals
11 8 Basic Water and Wastewater Treatment Techniques 8.1 Removal of Metals 8.2 Chromium 8.3 Arsenic 8.4 Cadmium 8.5 Iron 8.6 Zinc 8.7 Mercury 8.8 Radium 8.9 Anions 8.10 Solvents and Oils 8.11 Chlorinated Organics
12 9 Biological Wastewater Treatment 9.1 The Microbial World 9.2 Order of Treatment 9.3 Types of Organisms 9.4 Chemistry and Activated Sludge 9.5 Growth Conditions and Nitrification 9.6 Denitrification and Phosphate Removal 9.7 Biological Growth Equation 9.8 Principles of Biological Treatment Systems 9.9 Activated Sludge and its Variations 9.10 Substrate Removal Definitions 9.11 Trickling Filters and Variations 9.12 Clarification for Biological Removals 9.13 Other Solids Removals 9.14 Biological Synthesis and Oxidation 9.15 Biological Treatment of Toxic Wastes 9.16 Modeling the Biological Process
13 10 Anaerobic Treatment 10.1 Basic Anaerobic Processes for Wastewater 10.2 Phosphorus Removal 10.3 Basic Anaerobic Processes for Digestion and Treatment 10.4 Anaerobic Pretreatment 10.5 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors 10.6 Other Digester Configurations 10.7 Siloxane Removals 10.8 Sludge Digestion 10.9 Gas Production Emphasis 10.10 New Technologies 10.11 Sludge Treatment 10.12 Anaerobic Digester Model ADM1 10.13 Struvite and Anaerobic Processes
14 11 Precipitation and Sedimentation 11.1 Theory of Sedimentation 11.2 Clarifiers and their Design 11.3 Lamellas and Specialty Devices
15 12 Granular Filtration Theory and Practice 12.1 Granular Media Filtration 12.2 Filtration Hydraulics 12.3 Particle Size Removals 12.4 Backwash Hydraulics
16 13 Skin Filtration 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Microstrainers and Screens 13.3 Belt Filters 13.4 Plate and Frame Filters 13.5 Cloth vs. Paper Filters 13.6 Precoat 13.7 Head Loss Through Cloth Filters 13.8 Bag Filters
17 14 Membrane Filters and Reverse Osmosis 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Design Values 14.3 Process Selection 14.4 Reverse Osmosis 14.5 Mass Transfer Theory 14.6
