The Law of Tax-Exempt Healthcare Organizations. Bruce R. Hopkins

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record the history and physical examination of each patient visit, record and transmit orders for pharmaceutical drugs and diagnostic studies, bill responsible parties for services rendered, record the remittances, and comply with Meaningful Use criteria under a federal government reimbursement program. The software is free and can be used with any operating system. The organization provided support to the software project and links to vendors on its website for certified professional developers who charge a fee for their services.

      However, upon examination, the IRS determined that the organization's primary activity was to provide veterinary services to the general public for a fee, and that the organization was conducting commercial activities regularly, which privately benefited related for‐profit entities. Treatments to horses were provided on a fee‐for‐service basis, which the IRS held privately benefited their founders. It noted that providing veterinary services to the general public on a cost basis is not substantially related to the prevention of cruelty to animals and does not serve a charitable purpose.

      To accomplish its purposes, the organization provided business and consulting services to the biotech and pharmaceutical industries for the development of new treatments for people who are infected with rare diseases. Its intent was to help bridge the gap between rare disease cures being developed and ultimately approved by providing necessary services to support efficient processing of fast‐track approval applications for the development of such drugs. It would also provide executive search services, executive coaching services, and public awareness and educational programs.

      The IRS determined that the organization does not meet the operational test because a substantial part of its activities does not further exempt purposes. In its view, the organization created, maintained, developed, promoted, and provided governance and direction to the development of blockchain technology as a commercial enterprise. The IRS concluded that providing blockchain technology to payers, providers, and financial institutions for use in the conduct of their businesses is not educational within the meaning of the Code. It found that the organization operated in a manner similar to a trade or business primarily carried on for profit and that its services were not inherently charitable.

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