Enrichment. Luc Boltanski
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Acknowledgments
In carrying out this work, we have benefited from the help of many people; it would be impossible to name them all.
We wish to thank, first, all those who participated in our seminar at EHESS between 2012 and 2016. In 2012–13, these included Michela Barbot, Christian Bessy, Sébastien Chauvin, Bruno Cousin, Emmanuel Didier, Jeanne Favret-Saada, Marion Fourcade, Marie-France Garcia-Parpet, Isabelle Graw, Catherine Grenier, Guido Guerzoni, Bérénice Hamidi-Kim, Laurent Jeanpierre, Lucien Karpic, Jeanne Lazarus, Patrice Maniglier, André Orléan, Olivier Roueff, Simon Susen, Mathieu Trachman, Emmanuel de Vienne, and Daniel Urrutiaguer; in 2013–14: Fabien Accominotti, Jacques Bournay, Delphine Corteel, Sophie Cras, Camille Herlin-Giret, Judith Ickowicz, Anne Jourdain, Michal Kozlowski, Michèle Lamont, Sylvain Laurens, Ashley Mears, Michel Melot, Alain Quemin, Thomas Piketty, Cyprien Tasset, Laurent Thévenot, Tommaso Vitale, and Loup Wolff; in 2014–15: Thierry Bonnot, Marie-Charlotte Calafat, Bernard Conein, Élice Dubuc, Stéphane Gerson, Marie Gouyon, Frédéric Keck, Anthony Kohn, Baptiste Monsaingeon, Yves Moulin, Fabian Muniesa, Frédérique Patureau, Michel Rautenberg, Bénédicte Savoy, Martine Segalen, and Olav Velthuis.
Some components of this work were published along the way, and we wish to thank in particular the editorial boards and copyeditors of Sociologie, Les Temps modernes, Teoria Politica, and Valuation Studies.
We presented our work at colloquia and in lectures at the Kunstsammlung Museum in Düsseldorf in January 2014, at the invitation of Heinz-Norbert Jocks; at the Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations (MuCEM) in Marseille in January 2014, at the invitation of Delphine Corteel; at the Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw in November 2014, at the invitation of the Bec Zmiana Foundation and at the initiative of Michal Kozlowski; at the Centro de Cultura Contemporánea of Barcelona in February 2015, at the initiative of Peter Wagner; at the University of Westminster in London in June 2015, at the initiative of Chantal Mouffe; on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Danish Sociological Association in Copenhagen in October 2015, at the initiative of Niels Albertsen; at the University of Turin in March 2016, at the initiative of Massimo Cuono, where we had the pleasure of a first debate with Nancy Fraser; in May 2016 in New York, first at the New School for Social Research, at the invitation of Mark Greif, where we continued our discussion with Nancy Fraser; then at the Maison Française of New York University, where we were welcomed by Frédéric Viguier and Stéphane Gerson; and, finally, at Princeton University, in the context of the Fung Global Fellows Program.
We learned a great deal from the interventions and discussions that took place during the seminar “Valeur, prix et politique,” organized by Christian Bessy at the ENS-Cachan during 2012–15, as well as during the seminar “Art/Valeur,” co-organized in particular by Patrice Maniglier in 2014–16 at the Musée du Quai Branly, which gave us the opportunity to present our work at the École supérieure des beaux-arts of Montpellier in October 2015. We also presented our work and had useful exchanges at the seminar “Anthropologie à Nanterre” of the Laboratoire d’ethnologie et de sociologie comparative (LESC) in December 2013 at the Université Paris-Ouest Nanterre; during a Max Po lecture at Sciences Po in Paris, at the initiative of Olivier Godechot, in December 2014; and during a session of the seminar “Exercer la domination” at the ENS-Ulm in May 2016, at the initiative of Pierre Alayrac.
A nearly complete version of the manuscript was discussed during a day-long conference devoted to it on Monday, 4 July 2016, at the LESC at the Université Paris-Ouest Nanterre; we thank the laboratory for welcoming us, and we are particularly grateful to our readers, who are at once colleagues and friends, for their comments: Pierre Alayrac, Guillaume Couffignal, Sophie Cras, Laurent Jeanpierre, Jeanne Lazarus, Patrice Maniglier, Ismaël Moya, and Cyprien Tasset. We have also benefited greatly from observations by Bruno Cousin and Olivier Favereau and from the support of IRIS and its director Marc Bessin. Patrice Maniglier has been a constant interlocutor, accompanying and enriching our thinking, especially by making connections with philosophy, as Guillaume Couffignal has done with mathematics.
To carry out our investigation we called on numerous informants: antique dealers, craftsmen, artists, business executives, entrepreneurs, collectors, auctioneers, art critics, conservators, curators, top government officials, elected officials, and staff members of local collectivities. We thank them here for their trust and their availability.
Finally, this book would not have existed without the generosity and friendship of our editor, Éric Vigne.
This English version was built on a close and productive collaboration between the authors and the translator. We thank Catherine Porter for her careful questioning and her unfailing responsiveness as we worked together to adapt the text to a new audience.
Translator’s Note
This translation (excluding the Appendix) was prepared in close collaboration with the authors, whom I thank for their endless patience in responding to my questions. The English-language text includes some updated statistics, some information added for the benefit of anglophone readers, and a small number of corrections to the original. All translations from the French not otherwise credited to a named or unnamed translator are my own.
Foreword
Charles Sabel
Sociology is at its most instructive and broadly useful when it struggles to make sense of the relation between the large structures that constrain our behavior by defining markets and institutions and the way our practical, everyday understandings of justice and fairness can both reproduce and challenge, even transform, those constraints. Sociology is at its most daring and self-sacrificing when, going further, it attempts to understand this relation with both the structures and the practical criteria of judgment in motion – when, in other words, it attempts to combine the macro- and micro-sociology of the present to bring together two terms whose poverty, especially in combination, already hints at the inevitability of partial failure. No one has pursued this audacious and invaluable program more masterfully than Luc Boltanski. Beginning with Les Cadres (1982), and passing through On Justification (2006), with Laurent Thévenot, On Critique (2011) and The New Spirit of Capitalism (2018), with Eve Chiapello, to Enrichment (2020), with Arnaud Esquerre, translated here, he and his co-authors have produced an extraordinary, analytically innovative chronicle of the relentless changes in contemporary capitalism. Reading the present work together with its immediate predecessor may serve to convey the promise yet also some potential limits of this approach as the continuing transformation of capitalism verges on crisis.
The New Spirit of Capitalism looked ahead to the dissolution of the bureaucratic rigidity of Fordist mass production, then well underway. The firm has been replaced as the unit of organization by the project group: a team assembled,