10.3 Fault diagnosis systemFigure 10.4 Characteristics of an automated real–time process monitoring sys...Figure 10.5 Concerns when building an effective fault diagnosis systemFigure 10.6 Different requirements of different stakeholders from fault diag...Figure 10.7 Summary of user perspective and challenges to build an effective...Figure 10.8 Principal component plotFigure 10.9 Schematic of an ethylene oxide reactor and its associated unitFigure 10.10 EO reactor process parameters along with a schematicFigure 10.11 Various challenges to develop an EO reactor fault diagnosisFigure 10.12 Chloride versus catalyst selectivity plotFigure 10.13 PCA scores plot, T 2 plot, and residual plotFigure 10.14 Interface between a data historian and a dedicated PC loaded wi...Figure 10.15 Contribution plots of 15 variablesFigure 10.16 Dynamic movement of the reactor status from the normal zone to ...Figure 10.17 Steps to build a PCA‐based fault diagnosis systemFigure 10.18 Actual versus ANN model predicted selectivity and equivalent et...Figure 10.19 Integrated robust fault diagnosis system11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Effect of tower loading on the tray efficiency valve versus siev...Figure 11.2 Capacity diagram or feasible operating window diagramFigure 11.3 Vapor liquid flow pattern on the tray (Zhu, 2013)Figure 11.4 Froth regime versus spray regime operationFigure 11.5 Jet flooding and its impact on entrainment and tray efficiencyFigure 11.6 Downcomer chokingFigure 11.7 Vapor recycle increases the vapor loadFigure 11.8 Downcomer fillingFigure 11.9 Effect of weeping on efficiencyFigure 11.10 Operational guide for deriving the operating windowFigure 11.11 Capacity diagram of the case study
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Operating limits of a distillation column trayFigure 12.2 Various constraints need to be satisfied during a distillation c...Figure 12.3 Various downcomer‐related constraints need to be satisfied durin...Figure 12.4 Various process constraints need to be satisfied during distilla...
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Some chemical engineering applications of genetic programming (G...Figure 13.2 Five major preparatory steps for the basic version of genetic pr...Figure 13.3 Flow chart of genetic programmingFigure 13.4 A typical individual that returns 5(x + 7)Figure 13.5 Two‐offspring crossover genetic operationFigure 13.6 Example of sub‐tree mutationFigure 13.7 Initial population of four randomly created individuals of gener...Figure 13.8 Fitness of the evolved functions from generation 0Figure 13.9 Population of generation 1 (after one reproduction, one mutation...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Different ways to increase plant throughputFigure 14.2 Schematic diagram of strategy 2 of the maximum capacity test run...Figure 14.3 Schematic diagram of strategy 3 of the maximum capacity test run...Figure 14.4 Schematic diagram of strategy 4 of the maximum capacity test run...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Different low grade heat recovery options
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Flow scheme of a simple cracking furnace using an advance proces...Figure 16.2 Hierarchy of the plant‐wide control frameworkFigure 16.3 Features of potential plants for APC implementationFigure 16.4 Capital investment versus benefits for different levels of contr...Figure 16.5 Typical benefits of APCFigure 16.6 APC stabilization effect can increase plant capacity closer to i...Figure 16.7 Reduced variability allows operation closer to constraints by sh...Figure 16.8 Operating zone limited by multiple constraintsFigure 16.9 Typical intangible benefits of APCFigure 16.10 Typical payback period of APCFigure 16.11 Typical benefits of APC implementation in CPIFigure 16.12 Advance control implementations by oneof the major APC vendors...Figure 16.13 Spread of APC application across the whole spectrum of the chem...Figure 16.14 Different steps in the APC implementation projectFigure 16.15 Steps in the functional design stage
Guide
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