Essential Guide to Acute Care. Nicola Cooper
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16 CHAPTER 7: Acute Kidney Injury Definitions Basic Renal Physiology The Pathophysiology of AKI Preventing AKI Assessment of Patients with AKI Management of AKI Prognosis of AKI Self‐Assessment: Case Histories Self‐Assessment: Discussion References
17 CHAPTER 8: Brain Injury Cerebral Blood Flow Intracranial Pressure Primary and Secondary Brain Injury Principles of Brain Protection The Unconscious Patient Prognosis Following Cardiac Arrest Self‐Assessment: Case Histories Self‐Assessment: Discussion References
18 CHAPTER 9: Optimising Patients Before Surgery The Development of Perioperative Care Risk Assessment in the Preoperative Patient The Medical Consultation The Assessment and Management of Patients with Cardiac Disease The Assessment of Patients with Respiratory and Other Diseases Preoperative Assessment of Elderly Patients Basic Preoperative Optimisation Self‐Assessment: Discussion References Further Resources
19 CHAPTER 10: Pain Control and Sedation Physiology of Acute Pain An Analgesic Ladder An Antiemetic Ladder Local Anaesthesia Self‐Assessment: Case Histories Self‐Assessment: Discussion References Further Resources
20 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2).Table 1.2 UK severity of illness classification.
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Theoretical oxygen concentrations for nasal cannulae.Table 2.2 Venturi mask flow rates.Table 2.3 Which mask for which patient?Table 2.4 CO2 retention due to oxygen therapy versus ventilatory failure in p...Table 2.5 Half‐life of CO depending on conditions.
3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Renal and respiratory compensation.Table 3.2 Changes in pH, PaCO2, and standard bicarbonate in different acid–ba...Table 3.3 pH and equivalent [H+].
4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Approach to the patient with respiratory failure.Table 4.2 First‐line methods of respiratory support for different causes of a...Table 4.3 Complications of non‐invasive respiratory support versus intubation...Table 4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of volume versus pressure control.
5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Factors that affect myocardial contractility.Table 5.2 Characteristic haemodynamic variables in different types of shock.Table 5.3 Flow rates of different sized venous cannulae.Table 5.4 Electrolyte content of common crystalloids in mmol/L (mg/dL).Table 5.5 Electrolyte content of common colloids in mmol/L (mg/dL).
6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Sepsis‐3 definitions.Table 6.2 SOFA score.Table 6.3 Mortality of sepsis on ICU according to number of failing organs.Table 6.4 SSC 1 hour sepsis bundle.Table 6.5 Sepsis six.Table 6.6 Receptors in the circulation and the action of common vasoactive dr...Table 6.7 Location and functions of vasopressin receptors.
7 Chapter