5.14 The branch diagram method may also be used to predict the phenot...Figure 5.15 The test cross. Crossing a homozygous dominant genotype with a h...Figure 5.16 Epistasis or non‐Mendelian inheritance is manifested in a variet...5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Crossing in yam. The use of magnifying glasses helps with the cro...Figure 6.2 The basic types of crosses used by plant breeders. Some crosses a...Figure B6.1 A stand of Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) in Woodward...Figure B6.2 Hybrid seed set utilizing Ladyfinger popcorn as the maternal par...Figure B6.3 Polyembryony expression in germinating seed of an apomictic 46‐c...Figure B6.4 A series of maize‐Tripsacum ear types. Left to right: dent corn;...Figure B6.5 (a) (left). The satellite region of Tr16L (arrow) that confers a...Figure B6.6 A series of 39‐chromosome maize‐Tripsacum (30Mz + 9Tr) hybrids g...Figure B6.7 (a) (left). A highly maize‐like 38‐chromosome apomictic maize‐Tr...Figure 6.3 In vitro fusion of protoplast cells of tomato and potato to creat...Figure 6.4 An example of a bridge cross. In order to hybridize Italian ryegr...
6 Chapter 7Figure B7.1 Variations in phenotypic expressions of different ploidy constit...Figure B7.2 Different accessions of banana and plantain being maintained in ...Figure B7.3 Phenotypic comparison of plantains and bananas in their fruits f...Figure B7.4 Summary of research activities on Musa species at the Center for...Figure B7.5 Amplification profiles of 66 banana and plantain samples using W...Figure B7.6 Amplification profile of 66 banana and plantain samples using St...Figure B7.7 Amplification profile of 66 banana and plantain samples using In...Figure B7.8 Flow chart of micropropagation of banana. (a) = Preparation of t...Figure B7.9 Research laboratory for Musa tissue culture techniques at the De...Figure B7.10 Micropropagation experimental output from a plantain accession ...Figure B7.11 Flow chart of macropropagation of plantain (Poteau Geant, ABB)....Figure B7.12 Macropropagation experimental output from a plantain accession ...Figure 7.1 Generating haploids in barley by the bulbosom method.
7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Taxonomic hierarchy of plants. Plant breeders routinely cross pla...Figure 8.2 (a–h) Morphological variation in leaf color, seed (size, shape, c...Figure 8.3 Genetic recombination results in the production of recombinants i...Figure 8.4 Failure of the genetic spindle mechanism may occur naturally or b...Figure 8.5 In the Ac‐Ds (activator‐dissociation) system of trans...Figure 8.6 Qualitative variation produces discrete measurements that can be ...Figure 8.7 (a) Breeding a qualitative trait conditioned by a recessive gene....Figure 8.8 Quantitative traits are influenced to a larger degree by the envi...
8 Chapter 9Figure B9.1 Flower and foliage of S. etuberosum. Considered a weed in Chile,...Figure B9.2 The progression of tuber type in somatic hybrids of S. etuberosu...Figure B9.3 Segregation of a RFLP specific to S. etuberosum; RFLP probe used...
9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Tubers of domesticated tuberous species are larger and have well...Figure 10.2 Figure B10.1 Composition of the germplasm collections of GRC, IITA, Ibadan....Figure B10.2 Bambara groundnut accessions being regenerated in the field....Figure B10.3 Cowpea accessions in the medium‐term store.Figure B10.4 Yam field at IITA, Ibadan.Figure B10.5 Morphological characterization of yams.Figure B10.6 In vitro bank. Figure B10.7 Working in the cryobank, IITA, Ibadan.Figure B10.8 (a) Screenshots of accession level information on the IITA webs...
10 Chapter 11Figure B11.1 Frequency Distribution of two crosses with a common parent (P1)...Figure B11.2 Dendrogram showing the relationships between cultivars on the A...Figure B11.3 Breakdown of the phases in the development of a successful new ...Figure B11.4 Pedigree of the spring barley cultivar Laureate traced back thr...Figure B11.5 Tonnes of certified barley seed produced in the UK from 1999 to...Figure B11.6 Total purchases of malting barley by member companies of the Ma...
11 Chapter 12Figure B12.1 A scheme showing the development of a three‐way cross maize hyb...Figure B12.2 The two three‐way cross hybrids released in 2015. (a) LY1001‐14...Figure B12.3 (a) A graduate student of KNUST performing hybridization in mai...Figure 12.1 The key enzymes involved in the development the golden rice.Figure 12.2 Generalized steps in the breeding of seedless melon.
12 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Demonstration of the concept of gene‐for‐gene interaction in dis...Figure 14.2 The concept of the disease triangle.Figure B14.1 Parental lettuce species used in research. Left: Lactuca sativa Figure B14.2 Genetic composition of parental lines, F1 and set of introgress...Figure B14.3 Picture field test.Figure B14.4 Symptom of downy mildew sporulation on lettuce.
13 Chapter 15Figure B15.1 Outline of the five major steps of the pre‐breeding approach us...Figure B15.2 Scheme for the development of diverse types of introgressiomics...
14 Chapter 16Figure B16.1 Recurrent S1 family for yield and protein using a restricted in...Figure B16.2 Recurrent mass selection for seed size in soybean using nuclear...Figure B16.3 Seed size changes with each selection for male‐sterile and male...Figure B16.4 Distribution of seed diameters initially and after four cycles ...Figure B16.5 Correlated changes in seed yield with selection for increased s...Figure 16.1 Generalized steps in breeding by mass selection: (a) for cultiva...Figure 16.2 The development of the pure line theory by Johannsen.Figure 16.3 Generalized steps in breeding by pure line selection.Figure 16.4 Generalized steps in breeding by pedigree selection.Figure 16.5 Generalized steps in breeding by bulk selection.Figure 16.6 Generalized steps in breeding a dominant trait by the backcross ...Figure 16.7 Generalized steps in breeding a recessive trait by the backcross...Figure 16.8 Generalized steps in breeding multiline cultivars.
15 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 The concept of recurrent selection.Figure 17.2 Generalized steps in breeding by ear‐to‐row selection.Figure 17.3 Generalized steps in breeding by full‐sib method.Figure 17.4 Generalized steps in breeding based on S1/S2 progeny performance...Figure 17.5 Generalized steps in breeding by half‐sib selection with progeny...Figure 17.6 Generalized steps in breeding by half‐sib selection with a test ...
16 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Hybrid vigor (heterosis) in corn.Figure 18.2 Breeding by CMS. (a) single cross and (b) double cross. N, norma...Figure 18.3 Using a mechanical detasseler
