Genome editing and other modification technologies
28.1 General steps in genome editing
28.2 Types of editing systems
28.3 Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs)
28.4 Transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs)
28.5 Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR‐Cas9)
28.6 Comparison of gene editing systems
28.7 RNA interference (RNAi)
28.8 Oligonucleotide‐directed mutagenesis
Key references and suggested reading
Outcomes assessment
29 Paradigm shifts in plantbreeding and other non‐GM technologies
29.1 The way breeders manipulate the plant genome
29.2 Paradigm shifts in plant breeding
29.3 Cisgenesis
29.4 Intragenesis
29.5 Reverse breeding
29.6 Grafting non‐GM scion on GM rootstock
29.7 Agroinfiltration
29.8 Epigenetics
29.9 RNA‐directed DNA methylation
29.10 DNA barcoding
29.11 Techniques for shortening the plant generation cycle for faster breeding
Key references and suggested reading
Internet resources
Outcomes assessment
16 Section 11: Computer‐aided applications in plant breeding 30 Bioinformatics, big data analytics, and computer simulations in plant breeding 30.1 What is bioinformatics? 30.2 Subdivisions of bioinformatics 30.3 Workflow for bioinformatics projects 30.4 General goals of bioinformatics 30.5 Data for bioinformatics 30.6 Data sources and how they are utilized in bioinformatics 30.7 Types of bioinformatics databases 30.8 Data management and integration 30.9 Data mining 30.10 Applications of bioinformatics in plant breeding 30.11 What is big data? 30.12 Big data workflow in plant breeding 30.13 Plant breeding applications 30.14 What is a computer simulation or model? 30.15 Applications of computer simulation in plant breeding 30.16 Ideotype breeding 30.17 Simulation models in plant breeding Key references and suggested reading Internet resources Outcomes Assessment
17 Section 12: Variety release process in plant breeding 31 Performance evaluation for crop cultivar release 31.1 Purpose of performance trials 31.2 Kinds of field trials 31.3 Designing field trials 31.4 The role of the environment in field trials 31.5 Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) 31.6 Models of G × E interaction 31.7 Measurement of GEI using ANOVA 31.8 Importance and Applications of GEI in Plant Breeding 31.9 Stability analysis models 31.10 Adaptation 31.11 Field plot technique in plant breeding 31.12 Field plot designs 31.13 Materials, equipment, and machinery for field evaluation of genotypes Key references and suggested reading Internet Outcomes assessment 32 Seed certification and commercial seed release 32.1 The role of improved seed in agriculture 32.2 Role of the private sector in the seed industry 32.3 General steps of operation of the seed industry 32.4 The cultivar release process 32.5 Multiplication of pedigree seed
