Museum Transformations. Группа авторов

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(accessed May 12, 2014). The responses of several museum directors are given in Lewis (2004).

      11 11 Neil MacGregor’s speech is reproduced in full in “The Whole World in Our Hands,” The Guardian, July 24, 2004.

      12 12 The Heritage Lottery Fund (2014) is the largest dedicated funder of heritage projects in the United Kingdom. It is a “non-departmental public body accountable to Parliament via the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.”

      13 13 See, for example, the scholarly journal Holocaust and Genocide Studies: An International Journal; Sharpley (2005); Stone and Sharpley (2008).

      14 14 http://www.sitesofconscience.org/approach/ (accessed May 12, 2014).

      15 15 http://www.sitesofconscience.org/about-us/ (accessed May 12, 2014).

      16 16 The distinction between the museum as temple and forum was made by Cameron (1971).

      17 17 See Phillips (2005) for Canadian examples of the use of the museum to rehearse larger grievances.

      18 18 For the implications of actor network theory to museums, see Harrison (2013) and Phillips (2011).

      19 19 See, for example, the critiques of the Royal Museum for Central Africa’s (Tervuren) attempt to address the long-denied colonial history of Belgium’s exploitation of the Congo, La Memoire du Congo: Le Temps Colonial: Adam Hochschild, “In the Heart of Darkness,” New York Review of Books, October 6, 2005 and the response to this in the letters pages of the New York Review of Books, January 12, 2006.

      20 20 The projected text includes a section that reads: “Any Indian in the province of Manitoba, British Columbia, Saskatchewan or Alberta, or in the Territories who participates in any Indian dance outside the bound of his own reserve, or who participates in any show, exhibition, performance, stampede or pageant in aboriginal costume, without the consent of the Superintendent general” (section 149, article 2).

      21 21 Haudenosaunee, meaning “People of the Longhouse,” replaces the older term “Iroquois” and includes six modern First Nations: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora. The primary advisers for the 2012 diorama were Rick Hill and Keith Jamieson of the Six Nations Legacy Consortium and Woodlands Cultural Centre director Janis Monture and curator Paula Withlow. The gallery’s official name is The Daphne Cockwell Gallery of Canada: First Peoples.

      22 22 Cultural rights are stated in a number of the articles of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted in 2007 (United Nations 2007).

      23 23 For explorations of collaboration in museum anthropology, see Peers and Brown (2003); for a rich range of case studies see Canadian Conservation Institute (2008).

      24 24 The contributing museums were the Museo Natzionale Etnografico et Archaeologico “Luigi Pigorini”; the Musée du quai Branly; the Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale, Tervuren; and the Museum für Völkerkunde, Vienna.

      25 25 For a detailed account of a number of the best-known of such experiments, see Putnam (2009).

      26 26 Baumgarten has produced other interventions in museum spaces which were designed to challenge the criteria and typologies of the institution. One of the best known was Unsettled Objects at the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford from 1968 to 1969 which was a projected slide show of 80 “labeled” images of views and objects from the museum. It attempted to disrupt the presumptions of the evolutionary typologies of the original museum displays. The intervention has had a long afterlife and was recently reconstructed at the Gallery of Modern Art in Glasgow.

      27 27 “Anishinaabe” (the people) is the name used by Houle’s First Nation for themselves rather than “Ojibwa,” ascribed by outsiders and used by Baumgarten as one of the tribal names in his piece.

      28 28 Git Hayetsk means “People of the Copper Shield.” The group, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, was founded by Mique’l Dangeli, who is Tsimshian, and her husband Mike Dangeli, who is Nisga’a. Its 50 members come from different Northwest Coast and other First Nations.

      29 29 The exhibition, Looking to the Past to Inspire Our Future (2007) displayed reproductions of Haldane’s photographs salvaged from damaged and discarded glass plate negatives and rediscovered by Dangeli in museum archives in Europe and North America.

       References

      Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

      Basu, Paul, and Sharon Macdonald. 2007. “Introduction: Experiments in Exhibition, Ethnography, Art, and Science.” In Exhibition Experiments, edited by Sharon Macdonald and Paul Basu, 1–24. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

      Bennett, Tony. 1995. The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics. New York: Routledge.

      British Museum and BBC. 2014. “Benin Plaque: The Oba with Europeans.” A History of the World in 100 Objects. Accessed April 16, 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/rmAT6B7zTZCGACd7i7l6Wg.

      Cameron, Duncan F. 1971. “The Museum, a Temple or the Forum.” Curator: The Museum Journal 14(1): 11–24.

      Canadian Conservation Institute. 2008. Preserving Aboriginal Heritage: Technical and Traditional Approaches: Proceedings of Symposium 2007. Ottawa: Canadian Conservation Institute.

      Clifford, James. 1988. “On Collecting Art and Culture.” In The Predicament of Culture, 215–252. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

      Clifford, James. 2013. Returns: Becoming Indigenous in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

      Coombes, Annie E. 2001. “The Object of Translation: Notes on ‘Art’ and Autonomy in a Postcolonial Context.” In The Empire of Things: Regimes of Value and Material Culture, edited by Fred R. Myers, 233–256. Santa Fe: SAR.

      Coombes, Annie E. 2003. History After Apartheid: Visual Culture and Public Memory in a Democratic South Africa. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

      Coombes, Annie E. 2011. “Monumental Histories: Commemorating Mau Mau with the Statue of Dedan Kimathi.” African Studies 70(2): 202–223.

      Coombes, Annie E., Lotte Hughes, and Karega-Munene. 2013. Managing Heritage, Making Peace: History, Identity and Memory in Contemporary Kenya. London: I. B. Tauris.

      [Dangeli], Mique’l Askren. 2011. “Dancing Our Stone Mask Out of Confinement: A Twenty-First-Century Tsimshian Epistemology.” In Objects of Exchange: Social and Material Transformation on the Late Nineteenth-Century Northwest Coast, edited by Aaron Glass, 37–47. New York: Bard Graduate Center.

      Dangeli, Mique’l. Forthcoming. “Dancing Our Archive: Bringing to Life B. A. Haldane’s Photography.” In Native American Art Now!, edited by Veronica Passalaqua

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