CORNER OF DELTA-GROUNDED SYSTEMS
4.8 SURGE ARRESTERS
4.9 ARTIFICIALLY DERIVED NEUTRALS
4.10 MULTIPLE GROUNDED SYSTEMS
4.11 ARC FLASH HAZARD IN SOLIDLY GROUNDED SYSTEMS
4.12 PROTECTION AND COORDINATION IN SOLIDLY GROUNDED SYSTEMS
4.13 GROUND FAULT COORDINATION IN LOW RESISTANCE GROUNDED MEDIUM VOLTAGE SYSTEMS
4.14 MONITORING OF GROUNDING RESISTORS
4.15 SELECTION OF GROUNDING SYSTEMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REFERENCES
13 5 SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS ACCORDING TO ANSI/IEEE STANDARDS FOR ARC FLASH ANALYSIS 5.1 TYPES OF CALCULATIONS 5.2 RATING STRUCTURE OF HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS 5.3 LOW-VOLTAGE MOTORS 5.4 ROTATING MACHINE MODEL 5.5 CALCULATION METHODS 5.6 NETWORK REDUCTION 5.7 CALCULATION PROCEDURE 5.8 CAPACITOR AND STATIC CONVERTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS 5.9 TYPICAL COMPUTER-BASED CALCULATION RESULTS 5.10 EXAMPLES OF CALCULATIONS 5.11 THIRTY-CYCLE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS 5.12 UNSYMMETRICAL SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS 5.13 COMPUTER METHODS 5.14 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS FOR ARC FLASH CALCULATIONS REVIEW QUESTIONS REFERENCES
14 6 ACCOUNTING FOR DECAYING SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS IN ARC FLASH CALCULATIONS 6.1 SHORT CIRCUIT OF A PASSIVE ELEMENT 6.2 SYSTEMS WITH NO AC DECAY 6.3 REACTANCES OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE 6.4 SATURATION OF REACTANCES 6.5 TIME CONSTANTS OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 6.6 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE BEHAVIOR ON TERMINAL SHORT CIRCUIT 6.7 SHORT CIRCUIT OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS AND CONDENSERS 6.8 SHORT CIRCUIT OF INDUCTION MOTORS 6.9 A NEW ALGORITHM FOR ARC FLASH CALCULATIONS WITH DECAYING SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS 6.10 CROWBAR METHODS REVIEW QUESTIONS REFERENCES
15 7 PROTECTIVE RELAYING 7.1 PROTECTION AND COORDINATION FROM ARC FLASH CONSIDERATIONS 7.2 CLASSIFICATION OF RELAY TYPES 7.3 DESIGN CRITERIA OF PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS 7.4 OVERCURRENT PROTECTION 7.5 LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 7.6 SHORT-CIRCUIT RATINGS OF LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 7.7 SERIES-CONNECTED RATINGS 7.8 FUSES 7.9 APPLICATION OF FUSES FOR ARC FLASH REDUCTION 7.10 CONDUCTOR PROTECTION 7.11 MOTOR PROTECTION 7.12 GENERATOR 51-V PROTECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS REFERENCES
16 8 UNIT PROTECTION SYSTEMS 8.1 OVERLAPPING THE ZONES OF PROTECTION 8.2 IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS FOR ARC FLASH REDUCTION 8.3 BUS DIFFERENTIAL SCHEMES 8.4 HIGH IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS 8.5 LOW IMPEDANCE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS 8.6 ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS 8.7 MICROPROCESSOR-BASED TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS 8.8 PILOT WIRE PROTECTION 8.9 MODERN LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 8.10 EXAMPLES OF ARC FLASH REDUCTION WITH DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS REVIEW QUESTIONS REFERENCES
17 9 ARC FAULT DETECTION RELAYS 9.1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 9.2
