current direct...Figure 14.12. A block circuit diagram of microprocessor-based low voltage swit...Figure 14.13. A low voltage distribution system with provision of 1000-A class...Figure 14.14. Time–current coordination of the devices in Figure 14.13, withou...Figure 14.15. Time–current coordination of the devices in Figure 14.13, with 1...Figure 14.16. Picture of a voltage indicator mounted on a low voltage MCC door...Figure 14.17. Portable remote racking system for low voltage MCC buckets.Figure 14.18. Another version of a portable remote racking system for low volt...Figure 14.19. Picture of a low voltage MCC bucket, showing safety shutter posi...Figure 14.20. A control circuit diagram for connections of maintenance mode sw...Figure 14.21. Arc fault resistance infrared sight glass.Figure 14.22. Field of view of an infrared window equal to six times the cabin...Figure 14.23. A combination of viewing window and infrared window.Figure 14.24. Assembly of a TCL (also called FCL).Figure 14.25. Schematic diagram of a TCL.Figure 14.26. The timing diagram of a TCL with magnitude sensing.Figure 14.27. Arresting the system voltage dip with TCL.Figure 14.28. (a) TCL used in a reactor bypass scheme; (b) time–current profil...Figure 14.29. Normalized NQN and PDI (see text).Figure 14.30. PD measurement data of a generator over the course of years.Figure 14.31. CSA (current signal analysis) of a rotating machine showing brea...Figure 14.32. Model of a leaky dielectric and loss angle (see text).15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1. Short-circuit profile of various DC sources: (a) rectifier with a...Figure 15.2. Standard approximation of short-circuit function. Source: Referen...Figure 15.3. A DC distribution system for calculation of short-circuit current...Figure 15.4. Equivalent circuit of short circuit of a battery through external...Figure 15.5. Time to peak tpk and rise time constant τ1B for the short-circuit...Figure 15.6. Layout of a battery system for calculation of short-circuit curre...Figure 15.7. Calculated short-circuit time–current profiles: (a) battery, (b) ...Figure 15.8. Factors κ1M and κ2M for determining the time to peak tpM and the ...Figure 15.9. Short-circuit current profile of a rectifier.Figure 15.10. Equivalent circuit for the short-circuit current calculation of ...Figure 15.11. Total short-circuit current profile of four partial short-circui...Figure 15.12. (a) Minimum arc voltage for vertical arcs; (b) minimum arc volta...Figure 15.13. A simplified model of arcing in a DC system.Figure 15.14. Arcing current profile superimposed on the short-circuit current...Figure 15.15. Time–current characteristics of a class L, 1000-A fuse.Figure 15.16. Calculated short-circuit and arcing current profiles (see Exampl...Figure 15.17. Short-circuit current of a converter with grid (gate) control. S...
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1. Power station substation automation (SA) functional diagram.Figure 16.2. IEC 61850 communication profiles.Figure 16.3. Hierarchy of IEC 61850 data model.Figure 16.4. Circuit breaker Model-XCBR information tree.Figure 16.5. Anatomy of IEC 61850 object nomenclature.Figure 16.6. GOOSE messaging.Figure 16.7. (a) Fiber optic multimode cable cross-section and light transmi...Figure 16.8. (a) Redundant star architecture using redundant ports on IEDs; ...Figure 16.9. A schematic picture of substation layouts and connections in a ...
17 Appendix AFigure A.1. Illustration of (a) positive and (b) negative skewness. (c) Illu...Figure A.2. Gaussian or normal distribution graph of the density function.Figure A.3. Criteria of fitting a least square line in a scatter plot.
Guide
5 Foreword
12 Appendix A: Statistics and Probability Applied to Electrical Engineering
13 Appendix B: Tables for Quick Estimation of Incident Energy and PPE in Electrical Systems
14 Index
15 IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering
16 WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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