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II. The Rebellion on the Rhine
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a.d. 69.
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Autumn
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Revolt of Civilis and Batavians, at first ostensibly in support of Vespasian.
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Revolt supported by Canninefates, Frisii, Marsaci, Cugerni.
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Civilis routs Gallic auxiliaries and captures the Rhine flotilla in 'The Island'.
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Munius Lupercus advances from Vetera with remnant of Legs. V Alaudae and XV Primigenia, supported by Ubian, Treviran, and Batavian auxiliaries.
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Civilis drives him back into Vetera.
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The eight Batavian cohorts at Mainz march off to join Civilis, and defeat Leg. I Germanica at Bonn.
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Bructeri and Tencteri join revolt.
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Civilis blockades Vetera.
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Vocula advances to relieve Vetera with detachments of Legs. IV Macedonica, XXII Primigenia, and I Germanica.
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Vocula encamps at Gelduba. Flaccus makes head-quarters at Novaesium.
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Civilis' assault on Vetera repulsed.
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Vocula with difficulty repulses attack on Gelduba.
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Relief of Vetera. Vocula then retires to Novaesium.
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Civilis takes Gelduba and wins skirmish outside Novaesium.
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Mutiny in Novaesium. Flaccus murdered.
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Civilis renews blockade of Vetera.
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Chatti, Mattiaci, and Usipi threaten Mainz.
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Vocula relieves Mainz and winters there.
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a.d. 70.
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January (?)
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Revolt of Gallic tribes, Ubii, Tungri, Treviri, Lingones, headed by Classicus, Tutor, and Sabinus.
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Vocula advances to save Vetera, but is driven back to Novaesium by mutiny of Gallic auxiliaries, and there murdered.
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His army swears allegiance to 'Empire of Gaul'.
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Tutor takes Cologne and Mainz.
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Vetera surrenders to Classicus. Garrison massacred.
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The Baetasii, Nervii, and Tungri join revolt.
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Spring
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Mucianus and Domitian start from Rome with reinforcements.
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Cerialis, with Legs. XXI Rapax and II Adjutrix, is to operate on Lower Rhine.
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Annius Gallus, with Legs. VII Claudia, VIII Augusta, XI Claudia, is to operate on Upper Rhine.
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The Sequani, still loyal, defeat Sabinus and Lingones.
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The Remi, also loyal, summon a Gallic Council, which votes for peace, but the Treviri and Lingones hold out under Classicus, Tutor, and Valentinus.
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The Roman mutineers return to their allegiance.
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Summer
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Sextilius Felix routs Tutor near Bingen. Cerialis defeats Valentinus and occupies Trier.
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The Germans surprise the Romans in Trier, but Cerialis drives them out and storms their camp.
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Massacre of Germans at Cologne. Cohort of Chauci and Frisii entrapped and burnt.
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Leg. XIV Gemina arrives from Britain and receives submission of Nervii and Tungri.
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Legs. I Adjutrix and VI Victrix arrive from Spain.
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Autumn
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Civilis defeats Cerialis near Vetera, but is routed on the next day and retires into The Island.
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Hard fighting on the Waal.
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Germans capture Roman flotilla.
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Civilis retires northwards over the Rhine.
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Cerialis occupies The Island.
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Civilis makes overtures of peace.
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