style="font-size:15px;"> Pr. stands for principio, meaning, in the first paragraph of a title of the Institutes, or of a fragment of a title of the Digest, or of a ‘lex’ of a title of the Code.
The Commentaries of Gaius are referred to by numbers indicating the book and the paragraph: e.g. 2 § 5, indicates the 5th paragraph of Book 2. When the reference is to another paragraph in the same book, the book is omitted.
When Ulpian or Paulus are quoted, the works referred to are the Ulpiani Fragmenta or Excerpta ex Ulpiani Libro singulari Regularum, and the Sententiae Receptae of Paulus.
Fragm. Vat. Fragmenta Juris Romani Vaticana.
(For the Jus antejustinianum see Huschke’s or Krueger’s Collections of ante-Justinian legal writings.)
When Savigny, Vangerow, Keller, Bethmann-Hollweg, Ihering, Kuntze, Windscheid, Dernburg, Lenel, Sohm, Muirhead, and Roby are simply cited, the references are to Savigny, System des heutigen römischen Rechts; Vangerow, Lehrbuch der Pandekten; Keller, Der römische Civilprocess und die Actionen; Bethmann-Hollweg, Der römische Civilprozess; Ihering, Geist des römischen Rechts auf den verschiedenen Stufen seiner Entwicklung; Kuntze, Institutionen und Geschichte des römischen Rechts; Windscheid, Lehrbuch des Pandekten-Rechts; Dernburg, Pandekten; Lenel, Das Edictum Perpetuum, ein Versuch zu dessen Wiederherstellung; Sohm, The Institutes—A Text-book of the History and System of Roman Private Law (translated by J. C. Ledlie), 2nd ed.; Muirhead, Historical Introduction to the Private Law of Rome, 2nd ed.; Roby, Roman Private Law in the times of Cicero and of the Antonines.
| CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE | |||
| B. C 753 | Traditional Date of Foundation of Rome. | ||
| 578-535 | Servius Tullius. Division into thirty Tribes. Military Organization of Centuries. Institution of Census. | ||
| 509 | Office of Consuls instituted. | ||
| 494 | First Secession of Plebs. Institution of Tribuni Plebis. | ||
| 451-448 | Law of the Twelve Tables. | ||
| 449 | Second Secession of Plebs—Leges Valeriae Horatiae. | ||
| 445 | Lex Canuleia, legalizing marriages between Patricians and Plebeians. | ||
| 443 | Censorship established. | ||
| 366 | Office of Praetor established. | ||
| 326 | Lex Poetelia about this time. | ||
| 304 | Cnaeus Flavius publishes forms of actions and calendar of dies fasti and nefasti. | ||
| 300 | Lex Ogulnia, admitting Plebeians to College of Pontiffs. | ||
| 287 | Last Secession of Plebs— | ||
| Lex Hortensia. | |||
| Lex Aquilia. | |||
| 280 | Tiberius Coruncanius (subsequently first Plebeian Pontifex Maximus), Consul. | ||
| 242 | First appointment of a Praetor Peregrinus about this time. | ||
| 204 | Lex Cincia. | ||
| 198 | Sextus Aelius Paetus (earliest commentator on the Twelve Tables), Consul. | ||
| 170-150 | Lex Aebutia probably enacted within this period. | ||
| 169 | Lex Voconia. | ||
| 105 | P. Rutilius Rufus, Consul. | ||
| 95 | Q. Mucius Scaevola (pontifex), Consul. | ||
| 92 | Sulla, Dictator. | ||
| 89 | End of Social War. | ||
| Leges Corneliae. | |||
| 66 | C. Aquilius Gallus, Praetor. | ||
| 63 | Cicero, Consul. | ||
| 59 | Julius Caesar, Consul. | ||
| 51 | Servius Sulpicius, Consul. | ||
| 49 | Accession of Julius Caesar to supreme power. | ||
| Lex Rubria. | |||
| 45 | Lex Julia municipalis. | ||
| 44 | Assassination of Caesar. | ||
| 40 | Lex Falcidia. | ||
| 27 | Caesar Octavianus receives title of Augustus (first Constitution of the Principate). | ||
| 23 | Second and final Constitution of the Principate. | ||
| 27-14 | A D. Principate of Augustus. | ||
| M. Antistius Labeo. | |||
| C. Ateius Capito. | |||
| 18 | Lex Julia de adulteriis et de maritandis ordinibus. | ||
| A.D. | |||
| 4 | Lex Aelia Sentia. | ||
| 6 | Lex Julia de vicesima hereditatium | ||
| 9 | Lex Papia Poppaea. | ||
| 14-37 | Tiberius, Emp. | ||
| Masurius Sabinus. | |||
| Proculus. | |||
| 19 |
Date to which Lex Junia (Norbana) is
| ||
