Disagreements of the Jurists. al-Qadi al-Nu'man
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١ ز، خ، ل: ذكره.
We have presented this summary statement of our opinion in order to demonstrate that submission to the authority of the Companions, except for those to whom the Book requires that one submit, is invalid. All Sunnis who profess the invalidity of submission to the authority of predecessors hold this same view, even though they avoided voicing it in such an explicit manner because they were wary of being vilified by ignoramuses and the common rabble. In addition, that rabble made them fear for their lives under the above-mentioned regimes,111 who, when they had sought and attained the trappings of this world, rejected the faith, relinquishing it to those who relinquished earthly power to them, thereby gaining the approval of the common riffraff. The religion became weak, legal rulings were changed, the ignorant multiplied, and the rabble became overbearing. We, thanks be to God, have spoken these truths, secure since God has now revealed the truth and established the customary ways of religion at the hands of His Wards, the well-guided Imams, peace be upon them.112 In what we have presented, we do not aim to detract from the Companions of the Messenger of God or to insult them, since their number includes worthy individuals characterized by excellence, precedence, faith, trust, and probity, even though some among those who accompanied the Prophet and outwardly professed Islam during his age were hypocrites, as God states in His Book. We intended by this only to refute those who adopt them as authorities, when they actually forbade other people to submit to their authority, an opinion we have shown them to have held.
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66ثمّ نقول لمن قلّد من بعدهم من التابعين واللاحقين ولمتفقّهين في الدين كمثل ما قلناه لمن قلّد الأوّلين ونحتجّ له في اختلافهم عليهم بما احتججنا به في اختلاف١ من تقدّمهم إذا القول في هؤلاء آكد٢ في الحجّة عليهم لتقصيرهم بهم عمّن تقدّمهم. وإن كان القول عندنا واحدًا في جميعهم فيما استنبطوه لأنفسهم واخترعوه من٣ آرائهم بغير نصّ من كتاب الله جلّ ذكره ولا رواية عن رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وعلى آله مع أنّ أكثر من قلّدوه في ذلك وأخذوا عنه قد شهد لهم على نفسه بما ينفي عنه تقليدهم إيّاه فأشهر من قلّدوه وقالوا برأيه واستحسانه وقياسه واجتهاده ونظره مثل النعمان بن الثابت الكوفي ومالك بن أنس المدني ومحمّد بن إدريس الشافعي . فعلى هؤلاء الثلاثة مدار أكثر القوم ومن أخذ عنهم وجرى مجراهم من أصحابهم .
١ ل: اختلافهم. ٢ ل: أكدّ. ٣ ز، ل: عن.
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