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from Havana to Puerto Principe, Cuba. Portuguese merchants working for a Cuban trading company held the Mende confined in warehouses, selling them off into slavery under the cover of night. The abduction of the Mende people from Sierra Leone to Cuba was already illegal by this time since an Anglo-Spanish treaty of 1817 had established that Africans imported to Cuba after May 1820 were legally free.85 However, the Spanish government maintained a lax attitude toward the treaty, as well as to British and U.S. efforts to outlaw transatlantic trade of Africans, because slavery in Cuba was increasingly profitable after the Haitian revolution.86 Portuguese merchants illegally enslaved the Mende and were poised to profit off the sale once in Cuba, but when slavers made a second effort to transport the Mende from one locale to another, the captives revolted. They killed all but two of the ship’s crew, including the ship’s captain, sparing only those who could help them sail back to Africa. Although the two navigators purposefully misdirected the ship for several weeks, it was only during a stop for provisions in Long Island that the U.S. Navy illegally seized the Amistad and the captives, transporting them to New London and then New Haven, Connecticut, for trial on charges of piracy, mutiny, and murder.87 Through this long and winding journey through the Atlantic, the people onboard the Amistad faced the subjugating glares of slavery and the spatial demands for transparency.
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