October 16, 2011.
12Leszek Buszynski, “The South China Sea: Oil, Maritime Claims, and U.S.–China Strategic Rivalry,” The Washington Quarterly, Spring 2012.
13“Vietnam Crude Oil Production, 1994–2016,” www.tgradingeconomics.com/vietnam/crude-oil-production; retrieved March 4, 2017, online.
14“南海钻井平台工人直升机上下班 [Workers Taking Helicopters to Go to Work and Back at the SCS Oil Platform],” NetEase News, May 11, 2012.
15A fact explicitly acknowledged by PRC’s foreign minister, Wang Yi, at a press conference jointly staged with his Australian counterpart, in Canberra, February 7, 2017, as reported in Qiao Bao (New York: The China Press, February 8, 2017), p. 4.
16Peter J. Brown, “Calculated Ambiguity in the South China Sea,” Asia Times, December 8, 2009; retrieved February 5, 2014, online.
17Cf. “Limits in the Seas” (PDF), Office of Ocean and Polar Affairs, U.S. State Department.
18“Taiwan Sticks to Its Guns, to U.S. Chagrin,” Asia Times (1999); STRATFOR’s Global Intelligence Update (July 14, 1999); retrieved May 1, 2014, online.
19Taken from Frank Ching, “Paracels Islands Dispute,” Far Eastern Economic Review (Hong Kong), February 10, 1994, which reproduced the original Pham Va Dong letter written in Vietnamese.
20“Vietnamese Mobs Torch Foreign Factories in Anti-Chinese Protests,” Los Angeles Times, May 14, 2014, online.
21Mark Landler, “Offering to Aid Talks, U.S. Challenge China on Disputed Islands,” New York Times, July 23, 2010, online.
22Tessa Jamandre, “China Fired at Filipino Fishermen in Jackson Atoll,” ABS-CBN News, June 3, 2011; Bill Gertz. “Inside the Ring: China warship grounded,” Washington Times, August 8, 2012.
23“China, Philippines Locked in Naval Standoff,” CNN, April 11, 2012.
24“Vietnam Accuses China in Seas Dispute,” BBC News, May 30, 2011.
25China Digital Times (China). http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2011/08/anti-china-protests-continue-in-vietnam-despie-police-opposition/; retrieved November 16, 2011, online.
26Tim Taylor, “The Rights Stuff in Oil Islands Row,” The Lawyer, October 15, 2012.
27Paul Denlinger, “Will China Do Something to Defend Their Position about the South China Sea?,” Quora, July 19, 2016, http://www.linkedin/pauldenlinger.
28One example is, in an otherwise sensible essay on Trump’s approach to China, a respectable Sinologist succumbed to the influence of these repeated questionable charges, when she began by noting: “In recent years, China … has defied international law and risked violent clashes in East and South China Seas” (emphasis added). Susan Shirk, “Trump and China,” Foreign Affairs, vol. 96, no. 2 (March/April 2017): 20.
29I have dealt with China’s first rise, during 713–1820, when it had the world’s largest GDP, based on data meticulously kept by English economic historian Angus Maddison; and its current ascent is its second rise. Hsiung, China into Its Second Rise (Singapore: World Scientific, 2012).
30Consider: (a) “Chinese Ship Shadows U.S. Carrier,” CNN News, June 15, 2016 and (b) “U.S. Carrier Starts to Patrol the South China Sea,” CNN News, February 20, 2017.
31Robert D. Kaplan, Asia’s Cauldron: The South China Sea and the End of a Stable Pacific (New York: Random House, 2015), p. 14.
32“U.S. Carrier Starts to Patrol the South China Sea,” CNN News, February 20, 2017.
33See “The Hainan Incident,” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
34A similar case involving the interception of a U.S. spy plane by Chinese jets took place in June 2016, but that was in the East China Sea. Wall Street Journal, June 8, 2016.
35Though it has not ratified the UNCLOS, the United States has declared that it is, nevertheless, committed to observe its provisions.
36CNN News, December 18, 2016.
37I discussed Zheng’s seafaring missions in my China into Its Second Rise, and see note 29, p. 52. See also Edward Dreyer, Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433 (New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007).
38For parsimony’s sake I shall not give more details than this much, so as not to preempt discussions in Chapter 2. Readers who can read Chinese may consult my article “Nanhai zhi zheng: guojifa yu zhongguo ruhe huwei ziji quanyi [The Disputes over the South China Sea: International Law and How China Can Defend Its Own Rights],” Zhongguo pinglun (China Review) (Hong Kong), February 2016 issue, pp. 43–45.
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