Reform And Development In China: After 40 Years. Группа авторов

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conclusion is that the term “institutionalization” has been used widely in the literature without examining what this term means. Looking at the cadre system in China, we may indeed find that it is younger and better educated than in previous years, but I find no evidence to persuade me that China’s bureaucracy is becoming increasingly Weberian over time. Indeed, the demands of the “party controls the cadres” (dang guan ganbu 党管干部) principle sets up tensions between hierarchical control and the need for collusive behavior, between demands for impersonalism and the need for personalism, and the priority of loyalty (both personal and political) over merit that make it unlikely that the cadre system will over time evolve into a Weberian bureaucracy. Indeed, as outside observers, it is important for us to recognize that efforts to professionalize the bureaucracy are indeed subversive of party control.

      ¹Lee, Hong Yung. 1991. From Revolutionary Cadres to Party Technocrats in Socialist China. Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 405.

      ²O’Brien, Kevin J. and Li, Lianjiang. 1999. “Selective Policy Implementation in Rural China,” Comparative Politics. Vol. 31, Issue 2: 167–186.

      ³Burns, John P. and Xiaoqi, Wang. 2010. “Civil Service Reform in China: Impacts on Civil Servants’ Behavior,” The China Quarterly. Issue 201: 58–78.

      ⁴Zhou, Xueguang. 2010. “The Institutional Logic of Collusion among Local Governments in China,” Modern China. Vol. 36, Issue 1: 47–78.

      ⁵O’Brien, Kevin and Li, Lianjiang, Rightful Resistance.

      ⁶Minzner, C.F., 2009. “Riots and cover-ups: Counterproductive control of local agents in China”. U. Pa. J. Int’l L. Vol. 31: 53.

      ⁷Changping, Li. Woxiangzonglishuozhenhua.

      ⁸Zhu, Jiangnan. 2008. “Why Are Offices for Sale in China? A Case Study of the Office-Selling Chain in Heilongjiang Province,” Asian Survey. Vol. 48, Issue 4: 558–579.

      ⁹O’Brien, Kevin and Li, Lianjiang. 1999. “Selective Policy Implementation in Rural China,” Comparative Politics. Vol. 31, Issue 2: 167–186.

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