Pomper (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1988). Walter Dean Burnham, “Critical Elections: Dead or Alive?” in The End of Realignment? Interpreting American Electoral Eras, ed. Bayron E. Shafer (Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1991).
48. Sidney Blumenthal, The Permanent Campaign (New York: Touchstone, 1982).
49. Marion R. Just, “Candidate Strategies and Media Campaign,” in The Election of 1996, ed. Gerald M. Pomper (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishing, 1997), 100.
50. Joe Keohane, “The Cry-Bully: The Sad Mind and Evil Media Genius Behind @realDonaldTrump,” Politico, May/June 2016, http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/2016-donald-trump-politics-campaign-twitter-social-media-213827.
51. Rosario G. Gómez, “Las Mentiras de Trump: Cuatro al Día,” El País, February 24, 2017, https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/02/24/opinion/1487959818_932894.html.
52. Jeffrey Gottfried, Michael Barthel and Amy Mitchell, “Trump, Clinton Voters Divided in Their Main Source for Election News,” Pew Research Center, January 18, 2017, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/01/17160025/PJ_2017.01.18_Election-News-Sources_FINAL.pdf.
53. Thomas E. Patterson, “New Coverage of the 2016 General Election: How the Press Failed the Voters,” Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, December 7, 2016, https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-general-election/.
54. Eliza Collins, “Les Moonves: Trump’s Run is ‘Damn Good for CBS,’” Politico, February 29, 2016, http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-media/2016/02/les-moonves-trump-cbs-220001.
55. Maria Konnikova. “Trump’s Lies vs. Your Brain,” Politico, January/February 2017, http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658.
56. Benjamin Ginsberg reminds us that in the United States as in many other countries, lying has been a common political practice. Democrats and Republicans lie frequently, distorting the reality and misleading the public. President Kennedy lied about the United States not intervening in Cuba; Reagan on not trading weapons for hostages with Iran; Clinton about his dalliance with Monica Lewinsky; Cheney about the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. In American politics, telling the truth is often seen as an obstacle to accomplishing a self-interested goal. “Honesty” avers Ginsberg, “would so frequently be politically damaging that virtually all politicians and public officials become practiced liars.” Ginsberg, The American Lie (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 2.
57. “Post-Truth Politics: The Art of Lie,” The Economist, September 10, 2016, https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21706525-politicians-have-always-lied-does-it-matter-if-they-leave-truth-behind-entirely-art.
58. Fabio Chiusi, “Perché Donald Trump fa la Guerra ai Media,” L ‘Expresso, February 28, 2017, http://espresso.repubblica.it/visioni/societa/2017/02/28/news/perche-donald-trump-fa-la-guerra-ai-media-1.296269.
59. Jacques Pezet, “Les Plus Gros Mensonges de Tump,” Liberation, November 9, 2016, http://www.liberation.fr/desintox/2016/11/09/les-plus-gros-mensonges-de-trump_1527229.
60. Rafael Alvarez, “Fake News?, No, Viles Mentiras!,” Excelsior, August 6, 2017, http://www.excelsior.com.mx/opinion/rafael-alvarez-cordero/2017/08/06/1179912.
61. Umberto Eco, Travels in Hypereality (New York: Harcourt Inc, 1986), 14.
62. Sally Gershman, “Alexis de Tocqueville and Slavery,” French Historical Studies 9, no. 3 (Spring 1976): 467.
63. Octavio Paz, “Notes on the United States,” The Wilson Quarterly (Spring 1986): 69.
64. Cited in John Calvert, Sayyid Qutub and the Origins of Radical Islamism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), 154.
65. Dag Blanck, “Television, Education, and the Vietnam War: Sweden and the United States During the Postwar Era,” in The Americanization of Europe: Culture, Diplomacy and Anti-Americanism after 1945, ed. Alexander Stephan (New York: Berghahn Books, 2008), 104.
66. Adam Quinn, “Admiration Reborn: The British View of the US Presidential Election,” in The World Views, 75–76.
67. Joao Pontes Nogueira and Kai Michael Kenkel, “Brazil: Between Continuity and Change,” in The World Views, 58.
68. Adam Quinn, “Admiration Reborn,” 76.
69. Ruchi Anand, “Oh La La: Obamania a la Française,” in The World Views, 87–106.
70. Carlos Fuentes, A New Time for Mexico (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996), 160.
71. Zack Beauchamp, “Donald Trump’s Victory
