of 1876. Democratic and Republican leaders met and decided that the Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes would become president on the condition that he remove all federal troops from the South. This was called the Compromise of 1877 and it effectively ended the period of reconstruction and gave rise to the Klu Klux Klan, Jim Crow laws, and an increase in lynchings of African Americans.
The following African Americans were awarded the Medal of Honor during the Civil War:
1 Powhatan Beaty 1863
2 Robert Blake 1864
3 William H. Carney 1863
4 James D. Gardner 1864
5 John Lawson 1864
Sgt. Powhatan Beaty
(1837–1916)
Beaty was an army first sergeant of the 5th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. On September 29, 1864, while fighting at the Battle of Chaffin’s Farm in Virginia, he took command of his company after all the officers were killed or wounded and gallantly led it, defeating the Confederate forces.
Robert Blake
(DOB Unknown–DOD Unknown)
Blake was a navy sailor aboard the USS Marblehead off Laurelville on the Stono River, South Carolina. On December 25, 1863, in an engagement with the enemy, he was assigned to a cannon. Blake, an escaped slave, carried out his duties and fought bravely throughout the engagement which resulted in the enemy’s abandonment of their positions and leaving a caisson and several guns behind.
James D. Gardner
(1839–1905)
Gardner was an army private in the 36th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. On September 29, 1864, while fighting at the Battle of Chaffin’s Farm in Virginia, he rushed in ahead of his brigade, shot a rebel officer and ran him through with a bayonet. This action rallied his men to charge and capture the fort.
John H. Lawson
(1837–1919)
Lawson was a navy landsman abroad the USS Hartford. On August 5, 1864, at the Battle of Mobile Bay in Alabama, he was wounded in the leg and thrown violently against the side of the ship when an enemy shell killed and wounded the six-man crew. Lawson, upon regaining his composure and although wounded, promptly returned to his station and, although urged to go below for treatment, steadfastly continued his duties.
William H. Carney
(1840–1908)
Carney was a sergeant in the army with the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. On July 18, 1863, at the Second Battle of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, South Carolina, he grasped the American flag and lead the way to the barricade of the fort and planted the colors. When the troops were forced back, he removed the flag under a fierce fire in which he was twice severely wounded. When asked about his heroic actions, he simply said, “I was only doing my duty.”
Buffalo Soldiers and the Indian Wars
(1866–1898)
The 1873 Springfield single-shot carbine. The Army had recognized that a soldier armed with a repeating rifle would expend a large amount of ammunition, so the single shot rifle was adopted to make the soldier more efficient.
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