organizations, institutions, and ethnic subcultures. My political party, ethnic affiliation.
Macro:Society. Type of national government and economic system.Global community. United Nations, world bank, doctors without borders, multinational corporations.
Back to Figure
The different occupation categories that sociology graduates get as their first job is as follows:
Social Services or Counsellors, 21.9 percent.
Administrative support or clerical, 16.7 percent.
Sales or marketing, 12.6 percent.
Teachers or librarians, 11.7 percent.
Service occupations, within parenthesis, Police or Cooks, 9.3 percent.
Other professional, within parenthesis, (Prog. Asst.; IT or PR, 9.3 percent.
Management related, 7.7 percent.
Social science researcher, 5.3 percent.
Other, 5.9 percent.
The flow diagram illustrating the model in social life is as follows:
Micro:Me, within parenthesis, my family and close friends.Local organizations and community. My school, place of worship, hangouts.
Meso:National organizations, institutions, and ethnic subcultures. My political party, ethnic affiliation.
Macro:Society. Type of national government and economic system.Global community. United Nations, world bank, doctors without borders, multinational corporations.
Back to Figure
The loss events that occurred during the year 2017 geographically are as follows:
Geophysical events, within parenthesis, Earthquake, tsunami, volcanic activity:
Earthquake in Iran, Iraq.
Earthquake in Mexico.
Other smaller events are spread through Greenland, Europe, Russia, and China.
Meteorological events, within parenthesis, tropical storm, extratropical storm, convective storm, local storm.
Typhoon Hato in China.
Typhoon Temblin in Philippines.
Cyclone Debbie in Australia.
Hurricane Maria in Caribbean.
Hurricane Irma in Caribbean, North America.
Hurricane Harvey in USA.
Other minor events are densely widespread throughout Asia, Europe, and North America.
Hydrological events, within parenthesis, Flood, mass movement:
Flood, Landslide, China.
Flood, South Asia.
Landslide, Sierra Leone.
Flood, Landslide, Peru.
Other minor events are densely widespread throughout Asia, Europe, and a few African countries, and lightly spread throughout North and South America, and Australia.
Climatological events, within parenthesis, extreme temperature, drought, forest fire.
Winter damage, frost in Europe.
Drought, Western and Southern Europe.
Wildfire, within parenthesis, Knysna fire, South Africa.
Wildfire, within parenthesis, LNU complex fires, USA.
Wildfire, within parenthesis, Thomas fire, USA.
Other minor events occurred densely in Europe, USA. A few events also occurred in Africa, China, and Russia.
Chapter 2 Examining the Social World How Do We Know What We Know?
▲ Science is about knowing—through careful systematic investigation. Of course there are other ways of seeking knowledge, such as finding a good library on a beach!
© Lisa Maree Williams/Stringer/Getty Images
What Will You Learn in This Chapter?
This chapter will help you to do the following:
2.1 Outline the development of sociology
2.2 Describe key theoretical perspectives
2.3 Explain the scientific approach
2.4 Outline the basic steps of the scientific research process
Let us travel to the Southern Hemisphere to meet a teenage boy, Hector. He is a 16-year-old, living in a favela (slum) on the outskirts of São Paulo, Brazil. He is a polite, bright boy, but his chances of getting an education and a steady job in his world are limited. Like millions of other children around the world, he comes from a poor rural family that migrated to an urban area in search of a better life. However, his family ended up in a crowded slum with only a shared spigot for water and one string of electric lights along the dirt road going up the hill on which they live. The sanitary conditions in his community are appalling—open sewers and no garbage collection—and make the people susceptible to various diseases. His family is relatively fortunate, for they have cement walls and wood flooring but no bathroom, running water, or electricity. Many adjacent dwellings are little more than cardboard walls with corrugated metal roofs and dirt floors.
Hector wanted to stay in school but was forced to drop out to help support his family. Since leaving school, he has picked up odd jobs—deliveries, trash pickup, janitorial work, and gardening—to help pay for the family’s dwelling and to buy food to support his parents and six siblings. Even when he was in school, Hector’s experience was discouraging. He was not a bad student, and some
