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7 The Role of Social Sciences in One Health – Reciprocal Benefits
MAXINE WHITTAKER1* BRIGIT OBRIST2,3 AND MÓNICA BERGER-GONZÁLEZ2,4,5
1 James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; 2 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; 3 Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 4 University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 5 Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Introduction
This chapter discusses the role of social sciences in developing a deeper understanding of diverse perspectives of health and illness in animals and humans, as well as in contributing to improve services and programmes using a One Health approach. Drawing on evaluated and ongoing examples from various countries, the authors demonstrate the added value of social sciences to address common local or global health problems using a One Health approach. The presentation and discussion of these examples allows for an exploration of various key aspects, ranging from diverse understandings of health risks, protection, responses, implementing interventions and health communications as well as questions of equity of access and benefit. Theories and approaches in anthropology and other social sciences frame the discussion. This analysis adds further value to social sciences’ contribution to One Health and One Health’s contribution to social sciences in research and in programme implementation.
Background
Rüegg et al. (2018) note that:
Many current health challenges, such as spread of zoonotic infectious diseases, environmental pollutants, antimicrobial resistance, climate or market-driven food system changes with consequences on food and feed supplies, malnutrition including obesity and many more arise from the intertwined spheres of humans, animals, and the ecosystems constituting their environment.
(Rüegg et al., 2018, p. 2)
They argue that such wicked problems require transdisciplinary and integrated approaches that take a systems approach, and that One Health provides such a framework.
A call for social science contributions to One Health is not new. As Dentinger (2017) has shown, Calvin W. Schwabe’s pioneering work built on, and was reflected in, his efforts to understand the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus as a biological and a cultural phenomenon, shaped by social relationships. In his studies in Beirut, among the Turkana in Kenya and later in California between 1956 and 1975, Schwabe expanded on the parasitological research tradition of examining biological host–parasite interactions in his explicit inclusion of social behaviour and cultural practice.
Since
