15,000 years ago the first Native Americans may have appeared in Colorado. The earliest inhabitants were hunters and nomadic foragers on the plains, as well as the western plateau. Agricultural settlements began appearing along river valleys in the eastern part of Colorado from approximately 5,000 B.C. as people learned farming techniques from the Mississippi River Native Americans.
8. The first Native Americans in Colorado were
(A) farmers.
(B) traders.
(C) hunters and gatherers.
(D) originally from the Mississippi River region.
Passage six
Organizational leaders influence several hundred to several thousand people. They do this indirectly, generally through more levels of subordinates than do direct leaders. The additional levels of subordinates can make it more difficult for them to see results. Organizational leaders have staffs to help them lead their people and manage their organizations’ resources. They establish policies and the organizational climate that support their subordinate leaders.
9. Organizational leaders provide
(A) direct leadership.
(B) general policies.
(C) organizational budgets.
(D) daily work schedules.
10. In order to become more efficient, organizational leaders make significant use of
(A) computer technology.
(B) rules and regulations.
(C) efficiency and management reports.
(D) staffs.
Passage seven
His name is Frank Clarke, but his real name isn’t really as real as the one the children gave him — The Toyman — because he’s always making the kids things, such as kites and tops, sleds and boats, jokes and happiness and laughter. His face is as brown as saddle leather, with a touch of apple red in it from the sun. His face is creased, too, because he laughs and jokes so much. Sometimes when The Toyman appears to be solemn you want to laugh most, for he’s only pretending to be solemn. And, best of all, if you hurt yourself or if your pet doggie hurts himself, The Toyman knows how to fix it to make it all well again.
11. Frank Clarke’s face could best be described as
(A) rugged.
(B) pink and smooth.
(C) fair.
(D) feminine.
12. Clarke received his nickname because he was always
(A) fixing toys.
(B) making toys for the children.
(C) telling stories about toys.
(D) playing with toys.
Passage eight
Let me now take you on to the day of the assault. My cousin and I were separated at the outset. I never saw him when we forded the river; when we planted the English flag in the first breach; when we crossed the ditch beyond, and, fighting every inch of our way, entered the town.
It was only at dusk, when the place was ours, and after General Baird himself had found the dead body of Tippoo under a heap of the slain, that Herncastle and I met.
13. What would be a good title for the passage?
(A) “Attacking Japan”
(B) “War without Violence”
(C) “Moving to the Mountains”
(D) “My Account of the War”
14. How long was the main character fighting in the area?
(A) two hours
(B) from day to dusk
(C) a few days
(D) none of the above
15. In this passage, what is the meaning of the word heap?
(A) pile
(B) rubbish
(C) marker
(D) note
16. According to the passage, you can assume the main character is
(A) at a community function.
(B) in a war.
(C) dreaming.
(D) moving to a new town.
Passage nine
The third leading cause of unintentional injury death the world over is drowning. Sad to say, most of these deaths could have been prevented if the simple rules of water safety had been applied. Most drownings are preventable if the victim does not become panicked; therefore, the first and most important safety rule is to remain calm. The ability to swim may save your life, but even an experienced swimmer can panic with fear and stop making rational decisions and begin to flounder. When this happens, the swimmer has taken the first step to drowning. The key to preventing panic is relaxation. When confronted with an emergency, the swimmer must make himself remain calm and in charge, making conscious efforts to escape the situation.
17. According to this passage, what is the first step in drowning?
(A) going underwater
(B) giving in to fear
(C) not wearing a life preserver
(D) not knowing how to swim
18. The word flounder, as used in this passage, most nearly means
(A) a fish.
(B) a building foundation.
(C) to splash about helplessly.
(D) to float.
19. According to the passage, what is the best prevention for drowning?
(A) staying out of the water
(B) learning how to swim
(C) having a buddy nearby
(D) remaining calm
Passage ten
Braille was based on a military code called night writing, developed in response to Napoleon’s demand for a means for soldiers to communicate silently at night and without light. A soldier invented
