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4 Microcrystalline Models
5 Modifiers and Non‐Bridging Oxygens
6 Intermediate‐Range Order
7 Chalcogenide Glasses
8 Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
2.2 Structural Probes of Glass
1 Introduction
2 Diffraction (Scattering)
3 X‐ray Absorption Techniques
4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
5 Vibrational Spectroscopies
6 Other Techniques
7 Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
2.3 Microstructure Analysis of Glasses and Glass Ceramics
1 Introduction
2 Acronyms
2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
3 Transmission Electron Microscopy
4 Scanning Probe Microscopy
5 X‐Ray Microscopy
6 Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
2.4 Short‐range Structure and Order in Oxide Glasses
1 Introduction
2 One‐component Oxide Glass Formers
3 Modifying the Network: Silicates and Phosphates
4 Modifying the Network: Borates and Germanates
5 Network Cations in Aluminosilicates
6 Short‐range Order and Modifier Cations
7 Interactions of Network Modifiers and Network Order/Disorder
8 Perspectives
References
2.5 The Extended Structure of Glass
1 Introduction
2 Extended Structure of Glass: The Need for a Multiplicity of Techniques
3 Structural Order over Different Length Scales
4 Structural Aspects of Density Fluctuations
5 Models of Glass Structure
6 Structural Heterogeneity in Glasses
7 Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
2.6 Structure of Chemically Complex Silicate Systems
1 Introduction
2 Glass and Melt Polymerization
3 Metal Oxide–SiO2 Systems
4 Aluminum and Aluminate
5 Ferric and Ferrous Iron
6 Minor Components in Silicate Glasses and Melts
7 Perspectives
References
2.7 Topological Constraint Theory of Inorganic Glasses
1 Introduction
2 Concepts of the Topological Constraint Theory
3 Polyhedral Constraint Theory
4 The Bond Constraint Theory
5 Temperature‐Dependent Constraints
6 Topological Constraint Theory, Thermodynamics, and the Potential Energy Landscape Formalism
7 Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
2.8 Atomistic Simulations of Glass Structure and Properties
1 Introduction
2 Basics of Numerical Simulations
3 Monte‐Carlo Simulations
4 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
5 Modeling: Simulation Techniques and Examples
6 Perspectives
References
2.9 First‐principles Simulations of Glass‐formers
1 Introduction
2 Ab Initio Simulations
3 Structural
