R.O. (2000). Polymer Science and Technology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.7 Louzguine‐Luzgin, D.V. (2018). Metallic Glasses and Their Composites. Materials Research Forum LLC: Millersville, PA.
8 Musgraves, J.D., Hu, J., and Calvez, L. (2019). Springer Handbook of Glass. Berlin: Springer.
9 Mysen, B.O. and Richet, P. (2018). Silicate Glasses and Melts, 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
10 Odian, G. (2004). Principles of Polymerization, 4e. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley‐Interscience.
11 Painter, P.C. and Coleman, M.M. (2009). Essentials of Polymer Science and Engineering. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publishing.
12 Paul, A. (1990). Chemistry of Glass, 2e. London: Chapman and Hall.
13 Pye, L.D., Montenero, A., and Joseph, I. (2005). Properties of Glass‐Forming Melts. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
14 Rao, K.J. (2002). Structural Chemistry of Glasses. Oxford: Elsevier.
15 Richardson, F. (1974). Physical Chemistry of Melts in Metallurgy, 2 vols. London: Academic Press.
16 Suryanarayana, C. and Inoue, A. (2011). Bulk Metallic Glasses. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
17 Stebbins, J.F., McMillan, P., and Dingwell, D.B. (eds.) (1995). Structure, Dynamics and Properties of Silicate Melts. Reviews in Mineralogy, 32. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America.
18 Takada, A., Parker, J.M., Durán, A., and Bange, K. (eds.) (2018). Teaching Glass Better. Madrid: Cyan.
19 Tomozawa, M. and Doremus, R.H. (eds.) (1977–1985). Treatise on Materials 2. Science and Technology: Glass I‐IV. New York: Academic Pressn.
20 Uhlmann, D.R. and Kreidl, N.J. (1983–1990). Glass Science and Technology, 1. Glass‐Forming Systems; 2. Processing; 3. Viscosity and Relaxation; 4A. Structure, Microstructure, and Properties; 4B. Advances in Structural Analysis; 5. Elasticity and Strength in Glass. New York: Academic Press.
21 Vogel, W. (1994). Glass Chemistry, 2e. New York: Springer.
22 Wolf, M.B. (1984). Chemical Approach to Glass. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
23 Zanotto, E.D. (2013). Crystals in Glass: A Hidden Beauty. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Compilations of Glass Data
1 Bansal, N.P. and Doremus, R.H. (1986). Handbook of Glass Properties. Orlando: Academic Press.
2 Mazurin, O.V., Streltsina, M.V., and Shvaiko‐Shvaikovskaya, T.P. (1987). Handbook of Glass Data. Part A. Silica Glass and Binary Silicate Glasses. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
3 Mazurin, O.V., Streltsina, M.V., and Shvaiko‐Shvaikovskaya, T.P. (1987). Handbook of Glass Data. Part C. Ternary Silicate Glasses. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
4 Mazurin, O.V., Streltsina, M.V., and Shvaiko‐Shvaikovskaya, T.P. (1993). Handbook of Glass Data. Part E. Single‐Component, Binary, and Ternary Oxide Glasses: Supplements to Parts A, B, C, and D. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
5 Turkdogan, E.T. (1983). Physicochemical Properties of Molten Slags and Glasses. London: The Metals Society.
Glass Art
1 Various authors. Histoire du verre. Paris: Massin; F. Slitine (2005). L'Antiquité; Du Pasquier, J. (2005). Le Moyen Age and (2007). Les chefs‐d'oeuvre de l'Islam; Bellanger, J. (2006). L'Aube des temps modernes 1453–1672 and (2008) Du Baroque aux lumières; Ennès, (2006). Au carrefour de l'art et de l'industrie. Le XIXe siècle.
2 Hérold, M. and David., V. (eds) (2014). Vitrail, Ve‐XXIe siècle. Paris: Editions du Patrimoine.
3 Koob, S. (2006). Conservation and Care of Glass Objects. London: Archetype Publications.
4 Page, J.‐A. (ed.) (2006). The Art of Glass: Toledo Museum of Art. Toledo and London: Toledo Museum of Art and D. Giles Ltd.
5 Ricke, H. (2002). Glass Art: Reflections of the Centuries. Masterpieces from the Glasmuseum Hentrich in Museum Kunst Palast. Düsseldorf, Munich: Prestel.
6 Tait, H. (ed.) (1991). Five Thousand Years of Glass. London: The British Museum.
7 Weiß, G. (1966). Ullstein Gläserbuch. Eine Kultur‐ und Technikgeschichte des Glases. Berlin: Frankfurt am Main and Vienna: Ullstein.
General Introduction
Pascal Richet1, Reinhard Conradt2, and Akira Takada3,4
1 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France
2 UniglassAC GmbH, Aachen, Germany
3 University College London, London, UK
4 Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
Figure 1 Obsidian core found in the sixth to fifth millennia BCE Aknashen Neolithic site in Armenia. As indicated by the flake scars, large flakes were detached in a single final strike by an experienced stone knapper.
Source: Photo P. Richet.
1 A Historical Random Walk
1.1 The Glass Age
“Among the so many, so varied products, which attest to the industrial genius of mankind, there are very few that have uses as numerous as glass, whose properties are so wonderful,” pointed out in 1868 Georges Bontemps (1799–1883), a famous nineteenth‐century glassmaker [1], who added: “no matter could replace glass in the most important of its uses.” At the same time, the great popularizer Louis Figuier (1818–1894) stated that it would be too long to list “the services that glass provides to science, the arts, industry, domestic needs, to the individual acts of man in society, to the poor and the rich, to the ignorant and to the learned.” Stressing that “household economics, science, civilization, progress and well‐being, we owe almost all this to glass,” Figuier concluded that “born with primitive societies, glass will only disappear with civilization” [2].
Certainly, Bontemps and Figuier could not have guessed that organic polymers known as plastics would replace mineral glass in some of its traditional uses. Ironically, however, not only has mineral glass found many more, such as light guide in optical fibers (Chapter 6.4) or scaffold for bone regeneration (Chapter 8.4) to name only two of the latest, but most organic polymers are also glasses in the physical sense of the term. Since its very first origins, the
