Gas and Petroleum Engines. H. de Graffigny
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Group I. Without compression. | Group II. With compression. | Group III. Combustion and compression. | Group IV. Atmospheric. |
---|---|---|---|
1. Explosive mixture enters the cylinder at atmospheric pressure | 1. Explosive gases enter the cylinder at atmospheric pressure | 1. Explosive mixture enters the cylinder at atmospheric pressure | 1. Explosive mixture enters the cylinder at atmospheric pressure |
2. Compression of the gaseous mixture | 2. Compression of the gaseous mixture | ||
2. Explosion at constant volume | 3. Explosion at constant volume | 3. Combustion at constant pressure | 3. Explosion at constant volume |
3. Expansion of gases in cylinder | 3. Expansion of gases | 3. Piston driven back by the pressure of the atmosphere | |
4. Products of combustion expelled from the cylinder | 5. Products of combustion expelled from the cylinder | 4. Products of combustion expelled from the cylinder | 4. Products of combustion expelled from the cylinder |
Group I.
Explosion without compression.
Lenoir
Kinder & Kinsey
Hugon
Ravel
Turner
Bénier
Parker
Hutchinson
Forest
Baker
Economic motor
Crown
Laviornery
Lentz
Group II.
Explosion with compression.
1 (1) Two-cycle type.Dugald-ClerkKoerting-LieckfeldWittig & HeesAndrews (Stockport)BenzRavelBaldwinTaylor (Midland)CampbellBénier
2 (2) Four-cycle type.MillonOttoLinfordCrossleyMaximMartiniLenoirSimplexKoerting-BouletLombardDurandDaimlerVarchalouskiAtkinsonTentingDiedrichsAdamRagotForestNoëlCharonNielLablinPoussantRogerLetombeLacoinCronanCadiotDürkoppBrouhotLevasseurFieldingDelahayeAcméCuinat
Group III.
Combustion with compression.
Brayton
Hoch
Simon, et fils
Livesay
Crowe
Gardie
Overmand
Group IV.
Atmospheric motors.
Otto & Langen
Bisschop
Gilles
Hallevell
Robson
François
Carburetted Air Engines.
Lenoir
Forest
Tenting
Daimler
Le Marcel (Cadiot)
Durand
De Dion-Bouton
Bollée
Pelloree
Le Pygmée
Klause
Oil Engines.
Brayton
Priestman
Ragot
Otto
Crossley-Holt
Niel (Atlas)
Hornsby-Akroyd
Grob-Capitaine
Merlin
Knight-Weyman
Griffin
Pinkney
Levasseur
Root
Rationnel
Dawson
The “Gnome”
On page 21 we give a table embracing all the best known types of gas engines, which will also help to avoid the confusion arising from the fact that some motors exist which belong to neither one nor another, but are combinations of one or more groups. Such hybrid motors have been devised amongst others by Schweizer and Siemens. In the former the power of the explosion is used to compress a considerable volume of air, which is then used for working a compressed air engine. In the latter the gas heats a quantity of air which drives a hot-air motor. In this table we have also, specially grouped apart, engines using carburetted air (air which has been passed through a volatile spirit such as benzoline) and petroleum. The list may be found somewhat incomplete, as more than 250 gas engines have been devised and patented in the last twenty-five years; but on the other hand, many of these have been failures, and we have only included those motors which can undoubtedly be considered commercial successes. These we will now study.
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