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12 Complications of Laser Surgery
Kenneth E. Sullins DVM, MS, DACVS
College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
Overview
LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Excitation of a contained medium (for which the laser is often named) produces coherent electromagnetic radiation, light. A coherent beam remains intact almost indefinitely instead of diverging and can be manipulated by lenses. Lasers are typically monochromatic (a single wavelength or “color”), which determines their specific tissue interaction [1].
Lasers expand surgical capabilities by facilitating minimally invasive surgery and reaching areas that would otherwise be completely inaccessible or by interacting with tissue in ways impossible with conventional instruments. Procedures previously requiring hospitalization, general anesthesia and prolonged convalescence may be accomplished in an outpatient visit. However, lasers may not be the most appropriate method for some procedures and the “fit” should not be forced. Surgical complications are minimized by a thorough understanding of anatomy, tissue response to injury, and surgical experience. Lasers add a substantial layer to each of these considerations. Mastering basic laser physics is required for safe and effective application of surgical lasers. All too commonly, surgical lasers are taken up as an experiment or “on the job” experience is used to develop technique [2].
List of Complications Associated with Laser Surgery
Laser physics and tissue interaction
Lasers commonly used in veterinary surgery
Carbon Dioxide Laser
Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser
Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GAA) Diode Laser
Laser safety
Specific complications of laser surgery in horses
Patient Complications
General surgery
Endoscopic Laser Surgery
Tarsal arthrodesis complications
Equipment Complications
Summary
