following queen removal in colonies of European‐derived honey bee races (Apis mellifera). Insectes Sociaux 30 (4): 376–383.13 Rangel, J. and Seeley, T. (2008). The signals initiating the mass exodus of a honey bee swarm from its nest. Animal Behaviour 76: 1943–1952.
14 Rangel, J. and Seeley, T. (2010). An oligarchy of nest‐site scouts triggers a honey bee swarm's departure from the hive. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 64: 979–987.
15 Rangel, J. and Tarpy, D.R. (2016). In‐hive miticides and their effect on queen supersedure and colony growth in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology 6: 377. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161‐0525.1000377.
16 Richard, F.‐J. et al. (2007). Effects of insemination quantity on honey bee queen physiology. PLoS One 2 (10): e980.
17 Salmela, H. et al. (2015). Transfer of immunity from mother to offspring is mediated via egg‐yolk protein vitellogenin. PLoS Pathogens 11 (7): e1005015.
18 Schneider, S. et al. (2004). Seasonal nest usurpation of European colonies by African swarms in Arizona, USA. Insectes Sociaux 51: 359–364.
19 Simpson, J. (1955). The significance of the presence of pollen in the food of worker larvae of the honey‐bee. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 96 (1): 117–120.
20 Wang, Y. et al. (2016). Comparison of the nutrient composition of royal jelly and worker jelly of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Apidologie 47: 48–56.
21 Winston, M. (1987). The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press.
Notes
1 * All photographs were taken by the Author.
2 1 For example, the way that queens are mass reared is by placing 50 transferred worker larvae to a queenless group of nurse bees that were producing only “worker” jelly. It is difficult to understand how they could immediately shift to producing a jelly made up of components unique to “royal” jelly. And there is no evidence that nurse bees intentionally feed pollen to worker larvae, it more likely being an inadvertent contaminant from their mouthparts (Simpson 1955).
3 2 The author, unpublished; if any pollen is accidentally consumed, it passes through the gut undigested.
4 3 Miticide residues in her developmental cell may later affect queen performance (Rangel and Tarpy 2016).
5 4 Other than when you need to prevent a colony from replacing an instrumentally‐inseminated breeder queen.
6 5 There is strong evolutionary pressure for a queen to eliminate genetic competition from her sisters. There wouldn't be such pressure for a daughter to eliminate her mother, or vice versa.
Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.
Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».
Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.
Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.
