total: 18,482 km
paved: 4,343 km
unpaved: 14,139 km (1996)
Waterways: none
Ports and harbors: none
Airports: 92 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 81
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 56
under 914 m: 22 (2000 est.)
Botswana Military
Military branches: Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air
Wing), Botswana National Police
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49: 380,152 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15–49: 199,995 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 19,479 (2001 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $61 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.2% (FY99)
Botswana Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
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@Bouvet Island
Bouvet Island Introduction
Background: This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825 when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters were designated a nature reserve. Since 1977, Norway has run an automated meteorological station on the island.
Bouvet Island Geography
Location: Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)
Geographic coordinates: 54 26 S, 3 24 E
Map references: Antarctic Region
Area: total: 58.5 sq km
land: 58.5 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 29.6 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 4 NM
Climate: antarctic
Terrain: volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 m; coast is mostly inaccessible
Elevation extremes: lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Olav Peak 935 m
Natural resources: none
Land use: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (93% ice)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1993)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: NA
Geography - note: covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve
Bouvet Island People
Population: uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Bouvet Island Government
Country name: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bouvet Island
Dependency status: territory of Norway; administered by the Polar
Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo
Legal system: the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Flag description: the flag of Norway is used
Bouvet Island Economy
Economy - overview: no economic activity; declared a nature reserve
Bouvet Island Communications
Internet country code: .bv
Communications - note: automatic meteorological station
Bouvet Island Transportation
Waterways: none
Ports and harbors: none; offshore anchorage only
Bouvet Island Military
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of Norway
Bouvet Island Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
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@Brazil
Brazil Introduction
Background: Following three centuries under the rule of Portugal, Brazil became an independent nation in 1822. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil has overcome more than half a century of military intervention in the governance of the country to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of the interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, Brazil became Latin America's leading economic power by the 1970s. Highly unequal income distribution remains a pressing problem.
Brazil Geography
Location: Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
Geographic coordinates:
