8–10% (1989)
_#_Budget: revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.32 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989)
_#_Exports: $2.7 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
commodities—petroleum 80%, aluminum 7%, other 13%;
partners—UAE, Japan, US, India
_#_Imports: $3.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
commodities—nonoil 59%, crude oil 41%;
partners—Saudi Arabia, Japan, US, UK
_#_External debt: $1.1 billion (December 1989 est.)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 3.8% (1988); accounts for 44% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 1,652,000 kW capacity; 6,000 million kWh produced, 12,080 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing
_#_Agriculture: including fishing, accounts for less than 2% of GDP; not self-sufficient in food production; heavily subsidized sector produces fruit, vegetables, poultry, dairy products, shrimp, and fish; fish catch 9,000 metric tons in 1987
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–79), $24 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $35 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $9.8 billion
_#_Currency: Bahraini dinar (plural—dinars); 1 Bahraini dinar (BD) = 1,000 fils
_#_Exchange rates: Bahraini dinars (BD) per US$1—0.3760 (fixed rate)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*Communications #_Highways: 200 km bituminous surfaced, including 25 km bridge-causeway to Saudi Arabia opened in November 1986; NA km natural surface tracks
_#_Ports: Mina Salman, Manama, Sitrah
_#_Merchant marine: 4 cargo and 2 container (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 114,733 GRT/155,065 DWT
_#_Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km; refined products, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km
_#_Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,220–2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: excellent international telecommunications; adequate domestic services; 98,000 telephones; stations—2 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV; satellite earth stations—1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 ARABSAT; tropospheric scatter and microwave to Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar and UAE
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense, Police Force
_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 187,606; 104,285 fit for military service
_#Defense expenditures: $194 million, 6% of GDP (1990) % @Baker Island (territory of the US) *Geography #_Total area: 1.4 km2; land area: 1.4 km2
_#_Comparative area: about 2.3 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 4.8 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 12 nm;
Continental shelf: 200 m (depth);
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 12 nm
_#_Climate: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
_#_Terrain: low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
_#_Natural resources: guano (deposits worked until 1891)
_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%
_#_Environment: treeless, sparse and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; lacks fresh water; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
_#_Note: remote location 2,575 km southwest of Honolulu in the North Pacific Ocean, just north of the Equator, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia
_*People #_Population: uninhabited
_#_Note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and cemetery ruins located near the middle of the west coast
_*Government #_Long-form name: none
_#_Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system
_*Economy #_Overview: no economic activity
_*Communications #_Ports: none; offshore anchorage only, one boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
_#_Airports: 1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m
_#_Note: there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
_*Defense Forces #Note: defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard % @Bangladesh *Geography #_Total area: 144,000 km2; land area: 133,910 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin
_#_Land boundaries: 4,246 km total; Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km
_#_Coastline: 580 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 18 nm;
Continental shelf: up to outer limits of continental margin;
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 12 nm
_#_Disputes: a portion of the boundary with India is in dispute; water sharing problems with upstream riparian India over the Ganges
_#_Climate: tropical; cool, dry winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); cool, rainy monsoon (June to October)
_#_Terrain: mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
_#_Natural resources: natural gas, uranium, arable land, timber
_#_Land use: arable land 67%; permanent crops 2%; meadows and pastures 4%; forest and woodland 16%; other 11%; includes irrigated 14%
_#_Environment:
