African Customs Union)
_#_Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1990 est.);
commodities—foodstuffs, vehicles and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products;
partners—Switzerland, SACU (Southern African Customs Union), UK, US
_#_External debt: $780 million (December 1990 est.)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 16.8% (FY86); accounts for about 57% of GDP, including mining
_#_Electricity: 217,000 kW capacity; 630 million kWh produced, 510 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: mining of diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing
_#_Agriculture: accounts for only 3% of GDP; subsistence farming predominates; cattle raising supports 50% of the population; must import large share of food needs
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $257 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $1.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $43 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $29 million
_#_Currency: pula (plural—pula); 1 pula (P) = 100 thebe
_#_Exchange rates: pula (P) per US$1—1.8720 (January 1991), 1.8601 (1990), 2.0125 (1989), 1.8159 (1988), 1.6779 (1987), 1.8678 (1986), 1.8882 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
_*Communications #_Railroads: 712 km 1.0 67-meter gauge
_#_Highways: 11,514 km total; 1,600 km paved; 1,700 km crushed stone or gravel, 5,177 km improved earth, 3,037 km unimproved earth
_#_Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 100 total, 87 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 26 with runways 1,220–2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: the small system is a combination of open-wire lines, radio relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; 17,900 telephones; stations—2 AM, 3 FM, no TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Botswana Defense Force (including Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police
_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 260,290; 137,038 fit for military service; 14,767 reach military age (18) annually
_#Defense expenditures: $99 million, 8.2% of GNP (1989) % @Bouvet Island (territory of Norway) *Geography #_Total area: 58 km2; land area: 58 km2
_#_Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 29.6 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Territorial sea: 4 nm
_#_Climate: antarctic
_#_Terrain: volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 meters; coast is mostly inacessible
_#_Natural resources: none
_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100% (ice)
_#_Environment: covered by glacial ice
_#_Note: located in the South Atlantic Ocean 2,575 km south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa
_*People #_Population: uninhabited
_*Government #_Long-form name: none
_#_Type: territory of Norway
_*Economy #_Overview: no economic activity
_*Communications #_Ports: none; offshore anchorage only
_#_Telecommunications: automatic meteorological station
_*Defense Forces #Note: defense is the responsibility of Norway % @Brazil *Geography #_Total area: 8,511,965 km2; land area: 8,456,510 km2; includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than the US
_#_Land boundaries: 14,691 km total; Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km
_#_Coastline: 7,491 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 200 nm
_#_Disputes: short section of the boundary with Paraguay (just west of Guaira Falls on the Rio Parana) is in dispute; two short sections of boundary with Uruguay are in dispute (Arroyo de la Invernada area of the Rio Quarai and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay); has noted possible Latin claims in Antarctica
_#_Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south
_#_Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
_#_Natural resources: iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, uranium, phosphates, tin, hydropower, gold, platinum, crude oil, timber
_#_Land use: arable land 7%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 19%; forest and woodland 67%; other 6%; includes irrigated NEGL%
_#_Environment: recurrent droughts in northeast; floods and frost in south; deforestation in Amazon basin; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo
_#_Note: largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador
_*People #_Population: 155,356,073 (July 1991), growth rate 1.8% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 26 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 68 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 62 years male, 68 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 3.1 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun—Brazilian(s); adjective—Brazilian
_#_Ethnic divisions: Portuguese, Italian, German, Japanese, black, Amerindian; white 55%, mixed 38%, black 6%, other 1%
_#_Religion: Roman Catholic (nominal) 90%
_#_Language:
