Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook. A. Kayode Coker

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Water Organic material Steam Air Organic material Heat capacity kJ/kg °C 4.2 1.0–2.5 2.0 1.0 2.0–4.0 Density kg/m3 1000 700–1500 1.29 at STP Latent heat kJ/kg 1200–2100 200–1000 Thermal conductivity W/m °C 0.55–0.70 0.10–0.20 0.025–0.07 0.025–0.05 0.02–0.06 Viscosity kg/ms 0°C 1.8 × 10⁻³ Wide Range 10–30 × 10⁻⁶ 20–50 × 10⁻⁶ 10–30 × 10⁻⁶ 50°C 5.7 × 10⁻⁴ 100°C 2.8 × 10⁻⁴ 200°C 1.4 × 10⁻⁴ Prandtl no. 1–15 10–1000 1.0 0.7 0.7–0.8

      Source: Turton, R. et al., Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Process, Prentice Hall International Series, 2001.

       Typical Physical Property Variations with Temperature and Pressure.

	Liquids	Liquids	Gases	Gases
Property	Temperature	Pressure	Temperature	Pressure
Density		Negligible	ρg = MW P/ZRT	ρg = MW P/ZRT
Viscosity	μ1 = AeB/T	Negligible		Significant only for >10 bar
Vapor pressure	P* = aeb/(T+c)	–	–	–

      Note: T is temperature (K), T_c is the critical Temperature (K), T_b is the normal boiling point (K), MV is molecular weight, P is pressure, Z is compressibility, R is the gas constant, and P* is the vapor pressure.

      Source: Turton, R. et al., Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall International Series, 2001.

      Capacities of Process Units in Common Usagea.

Process unit	Capacity unit	Maximum value	Minimum value	Comment
Horizontal vessel	Pressure (bar)	400	Vacuum	L/D typically 2–5
	Temperature (°C)	400b	−200
	Height (m)	10	2
	Diameter (m)	2	0.3
	L/D	5	2
Vertical vessel	Pressure (bar)	400	400	L/D typically 2–5
	Temperature (°C)	400b	−200
	Height (m)	10	2
	Diameter (m)	2 Скачать книгу В начало < 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 > В конец e-mail: [email protected]