shaped clusters.Figure 9.13 (a) Original data set (b) K means (c) KK means.Figure 9.14 Univariate Gaussian distribution.Figure 9.15 Data points from two different models.Figure 9.16 Gaussian distribution.Figure 9.17 Gaussians placed in random positions.Figure 9.18 Probability estimation for the randomly placed Gaussians.Figure 9.19 Outliers.Figure 9.20 Point outlier.Figure 9.21 Contextual outlier.Figure 9.22 Collective outlier.Figure 9.23 Optimization algorithm.Figure 9.24 Particle swarm algorithm.Figure 9.25 Individual particle.Figure 9.26 Particle swarm optimization algorithm flowchart.Figure 9.27 Generating random numbers of clusters.Figure 9.28 K‐means clustering.Figure 9.29 Implementation of elbow method.Figure 9.30 Types of fuzzy clustering.10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Increase in gold rate from 2004 to 2011.Figure 10.2 Bar chart—monthly sales of a company.Figure 10.3 Pie chart—favorite activities of teenagers.Figure 10.4 Scatter plot—height vs. weight.Figure 10.5 Bubble plot—Industry market share study.Figure 10.6 Visualizing and sharing with Tableau.Figure 10.7 Tableau workbook.Figure 10.8 Tableau start page.Figure 10.9 CSV file connected to Tableau.Figure 10.10 Tableau worksheet.Figure 10.11 Modifying the data type in tableau.Figure 10.12 Box plot.Figure 10.13 R Studio interface on windows.Figure 10.14Figure 10.15 Correlation between age and height.Figure 10.16 Importing data from csv file and displaying the data.
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