MESOPHASE PITCH‐BASED CARBON FIBERS (MPP‐BASED CARBON FIBERS) are CARBON FIBERS obtained from MESOGENIC PITCH after it has been transformed into MESOPHASE PITCH (MPP) at least during the process of spinning and after the spun MESOPHASE PITCH fibers have been made non‐fusible (stabilized) and carbonized.
See: CARBON FIBERS, MESOGENIC PITCH, MESOPHASE PITCH, PITCH, PITCH‐BASED CARBON FIBERS.
Metallurgical Coke
Description
METALLURGICAL COKE is produced by CARBONIZATION of coals or coal blends at temperatures up to 1400 K to produce a macroporous CARBON MATERIAL of high strength and relatively large lump size.
See: CARBON MATERIAL, CARBONIZATION.
Notes
METALLURGICAL COKE must have high strength to support heavy loads in the blast furnace without disintegration. METALLURGICAL COKE is also used as FILLER COKE for POLYGRANULAR CARBON products.
See: FILLER COKE, POLYGRANULAR CARBON.
Microporous Carbon
Description
MICROPOROUS CARBON is a porous CARBON MATERIAL, usually a CHAR or CARBON FIBERS, which may or may not have been subjected to an activation process to increase its adsorptive properties. A MICROPOROUS CARBON is considered to have a major part of its porosity in pores of less than 2 nm width and to exhibit apparent surface areas usually higher than 200–300 m2/g.
See: ACTIVATED CARBON, CARBON FIBERS, CARBON MATERIAL, CHAR, FIBROUS ACTIVATED CARBON.
Notes
For definition of micropores see IUPAC Manual of Symbols and Terminology, Appendix 2, Pt. 1, Colloid and Surface Chemistry [6].
The surface areas determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method are apparent surface areas only since the BET adsorption equation is, in principle, not valid when micropore filling occurs. The determination of the true surface area in the micropores depends on the method used for the evaluation of the adsorption isotherms and on the model used for the shape of the micropores (cylindrical, slit shape, or other).
MPP‐Based Carbon Fibers
Description
See: MESOPHASE PITCH‐BASED CARBON FIBERS.
Natural Graphite
Description
NATURAL GRAPHITE is a mineral found in nature. It consists of GRAPHITIC CARBON regardless of its crystalline perfection.
See: GRAPHITIC CARBON.
Notes
Some NATURAL GRAPHITES, often in the form of large flakes, show very high crystalline perfection. Occasionally, they occur as single crystals of GRAPHITE. The use of the term NATURAL GRAPHITE as a synonym for the term “graphite single crystal” is incorrect and should be avoided. Varieties of NATURAL GRAPHITE with lower structural perfection are classified as “microcrystalline NATURAL GRAPHITE.” Commercial NATURAL GRAPHITE is often contaminated with other minerals, e.g. silicates, and may contain RHOMBOHEDRAL GRAPHITE due to intensive milling.
See: GRAPHITE, RHOBOHEDRAL GRAPHITE.
Needle Coke
Description
NEEDLE COKE is the commonly used term for a special type of COKE with extremely high graphitizability resulting from a strong preferred parallel orientation of its turbostratic layer structure and a particular physical shape of the grains.
See: COKE.
Notes
NEEDLE COKE is derived mainly from clean (i.e. lacking hetero atoms and solids) and highly aromatic (i.e. several condensed rings per cluster) feedstocks with a very low concentration of insolubles. Upon solidification a material with distinctive streaked or flow‐like macroscopic appearance is produced. Upon grinding the COKE breaks up first into macroscopic needles and then, after further grinding, into microplatelets. Sometimes the word “acicular” is used as a synonym for needlelike.
See: COKE, DELAYED COKING PROCESS.
Non‐graphitic Carbon
Description
NON‐GRAPHITIC CARBONS are all varieties of solids consisting mainly of the element CARBON with two‐dimensional long‐range order of the carbon atoms in planar hexagonal networks, but without any measurable crystallographic order in the third direction (c direction) apart from more or less parallel stacking.
See: AMORPHOUS CARBON, CARBON.
Notes
Some varieties of NON‐GRAPHITIC CARBON convert on heat treatment to GRAPHITIC CARBON (GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON), but some others do not (NON‐GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON).
See: GRAPHITIC CARBON, GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON, NON‐GRAPHITIC CARBON, NON‐GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON.
Non‐graphitizable Carbon
Description
NON‐GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON is a NON‐GRAPHITIC CARBON that cannot be transformed into GRAPHITIC CARBON solely by high‐temperature treatment up to 3300 K under atmospheric pressure or lower pressure.
See: GRAPHITIC CARBON, GRAPHITIZATION HEAT TREATMENT, NON‐GRAPHITIC CARBON.
Notes
The term NON‐GRAPHITIZABLE is limited to the result of heat treatment without additional influence of foreign matter or neutron radiation. NON‐GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON can be transformed into GRAPHITIC CARBON by a high‐temperature process via intermediate dissolution in foreign
