the TAURIANS of Crimea and their position vis‐à‐vis SCYTHIAN territory, relying on the presumed familiarity of his AUDIENCE with sailing along the Attic coastline (4.99.4); for those unfamiliar, he offers an example involving IAPYGIA in ITALY. Two fourth‐century BCE authors attest the presence of FORTIFICATIONS at Anaphlystus (Xen. Vect. 4.43; Ps.‐Scylax 57.2).
SEE ALSO: Analogy; Geography; Ships and Sailing; Thurii
FURTHER READING
1 Whitehead, David. 1986. The Demes of Attica, 508/7–ca. 250 B.C.: A Political and Social Study. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
ANAUA ( Ἄναυα, τά)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
A city in southwestern PHRYGIA (BA 65 C2; Müller II, 95–98), mentioned by Herodotus as XERXES’ Persian army passes through on its way to invade Greece (7.30.1). Anaua has been identified with the modern village of Sarıkavak, north of Lake Acı Göl (the remnant of the “salt lake” Herodotus mentions) and 55 kilometers east of the modern city of Denizli.
SEE ALSO: Persian Wars
FURTHER READING
1 Vannicelli, Pietro, and Aldo Corcella, eds. 2017. Erodoto. Le Storie, libro VII: Serse e Leonida, 340. Milan: Mondadori.
ANAXANDER (Ἀνάξανδρος, ὁ)
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
Spartan king, son of EURYCRATES, member of the Agiad royal house of SPARTA. Herodotus mentions Anaxander in the GENEALOGY he provides for LEONIDAS before the Battle of THERMOPYLAE (7.204). The Roman‐era author Pausanias associates Anaxander with the outbreak of the Second Messenian War (Paus. 4.15.3; Schneider 1985, 51–55).
SEE ALSO: Agis son of Eurysthenes; Eurycratides; Messenians
REFERENCE
1 Schneider, Jean. 1985. “La chronologie d’Alcman.” REG 98: 1–64.
ANAXANDRIDES II (Ἀναξ‐ανδρίδης, ὁ) son of Leon
SARAH BOLMARCICH
Arizona State University
Anaxandrides II (c. 560–516 BCE) was one of the kings of SPARTA during the Second Arcadian War (c. 550; Hdt. 1.67.1). He was a member of the Agiad branch, the son of LEON and father of CLEOMENES I.
Herodotus tells the story (5.39–41) of how Anaxandrides married a second wife, against Spartan custom but at the EPHORS’ urging, in order to ensure the succession of the throne. Cleomenes was born from his second MARRIAGE, and Anaxandrides’ first wife then produced three CHILDREN of her own. The eldest of these was DORIEUS, who later resisted Cleomenes’ rule and chose to leave Sparta.
SEE ALSO: Arcadians; Ariston king of Sparta
FURTHER READING
1 Hornblower, Simon, ed. 2013. Herodotus: Histories Book V, 148–56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2 Pomeroy, Sarah B. 2002. Spartan Women, 51–93. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3 Poralla, Paul. 1985. A Prosopography of Lacedaemonians from the Earliest Times to the Death of Alexander the Great (X–323 B.C.). 2nd edition, edited by Alfred S. Bradford, p. 20. Chicago: Ares.
ANAXANDRIDES (Ἀναξαν‐δρίδης, ὁ) son of Theopompus
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
Son of the Spartan king THEOPOMPUS, member of the Eurypontid royal house at SPARTA. Herodotus mentions Anaxandrides in his GENEALOGY of LEOTYCHIDES II (8.131.2). The king‐list given by the Roman‐era author Pausanias differs here (3.7–10; see Carlier 1984, 316–17), but there seems no reason to emend Herodotus’ text in order to place Anaxandrides in the junior branch (Bowie 2007, 219–20).
SEE ALSO: Euryp(h)on; Leotychides son of Anaxilaus
REFERENCES
1 Bowie, A. M., ed. 2007. Herodotus: Histories Book VIII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2 Carlier, Pierre. 1984. La royauté en Grèce avant Alexandre. Strasbourg: AECR.
ANAXILAUS (Ἀναξίλεως, ὁ) son of Archidamus
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
Son of Archidamus, member of the Eurypontid royal house at SPARTA. Herodotus mentions Anaxilaus in his GENEALOGY of LEOTYCHIDES II (8.131.2). The king‐list given by the Roman‐era author Pausanias differs here (3.7–10; see Carlier 1984, 316–17), but there seems no reason to emend Herodotus’ text in order to place Anaxilaus in the junior branch (Bowie 2007, 219–20).
SEE ALSO: Archidamus son of Anaxandrides; Euryp(h)on; Leotychides son of Anaxilaus
REFERENCES
1 Bowie, A. M., ed. 2007. Herodotus: Histories Book VIII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2 Carlier, Pierre. 1984. La royauté en Grèce avant Alexandre. Strasbourg: AECR.
ANAXILAUS (Ἀναξίλεως, ὁ) son of Cretines
CHRISTOPHER BARON
University of Notre Dame
TYRANT of RHEGIUM in southern ITALY from 494 to 476 BCE (Diod. Sic. 11.48.2). Anaxilaus (or Anaxilas) appears in two contexts in the Histories. First, in his narrative winding down the unsuccessful IONIAN REVOLT, Herodotus tells how the Samians who fled Persian rule captured the Sicilian city of ZANCLE for themselves (494 BCE): they had originally aimed for CALEACTE (“Fair Point”) on the northern coast of SICILY at the invitation of the Zancleans, but Anaxilaus persuaded them instead to occupy Zancle—directly across the straits from Rhegium—whose inhabitants were away besieging a Sicel city (6.23). Anaxilaus renamed Zancle Messana (or Messene), after his ancestral homeland (MESSENIA in the PELOPONNESE), according to THUCYDIDES (6.4.6; cf. Paus. 4.23.6).
In his second appearance (Hdt. 7.165), Anaxilaus, who had married CYDIPPE the daughter of TERILLUS, tyrant of HIMERA, assists his father‐in‐law’s attempt to regain his tyranny. Terillus appeals to the Carthaginian general HAMILCAR, to
