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9 Homogeneous Electrocatalytic CO2 Hydrogenation
9.1 CO 2 Reduction to C─H Bond‐Containing Compounds: Formate or Formic Acid
9.2 Prospects in Electrocatalysis: CO2 Reduction Beyond Formation of One C─H Bond
References
14 10 Recent Advances in Homogeneous Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid and Methanol 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Formic Acid Dehydrogenation 10.3 Aqueous‐phase Methanol Dehydrogenation 10.4 Conclusion References
15 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Chemicals produced commercially from CO2.Table 1.2 Characteristics of various energy vectors.Table 1.3 Concentration of CO2 and contaminants from various sources.Table 1.4 CO2 capture technologies.
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid/formate with precious metals.Table 2.2 pK a values of functional OH groups in complexes.Table 2.3 pK a values of functional NH groups in complexes.Table 2.4 Catalytic performance of complexes with NH and NMe moieties.a Table 2.5 pK a values of OH and/or NH groups in functional complexes.
3 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Summary of catalytic conditions for CO2 hydrogenation to formate by...
4 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Catalytic performances of selected catalysts for gas‐phase CO2 hydr...Table 8.2 Catalytic performances of selected catalysts for gas‐phase CO2 hydr...
5 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Group 9 metal complexes as electrocatalysts for CO2 to formate conv...Table 9.2 Group 8 metal complexes as electrocatalysts for CO2 to formate conv...Table 9.3 Nickel complexes as electrocatalysts for CO2 to formate conversion....Table 9.4 Iron and iron/molybdenum clusters as electrocatalysts for CO2 to fo...
6 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Selective results of FA dehydrogenation.Table 10.2 Selective results of methanol dehydrogenation.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory.Figure 1.2 IEA 2 °C Scenario (2DS) in Energy Technology Perspectives 2017....Figure 1.3 Global methanol demand in 2018.Figure 1.4 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion.Figure 1.5 Low‐carbon electricity generation by source in 2017.Figure 1.6 Levelized cost of energy comparison: Renewable energy versus conv...Figure 1.7 Carbon tax rate per ton of emitted CO2.
2 Chapter 2Scheme 2.1 Tautomerizable ligands for functional complexes.Figure 2.1 Proton‐responsive ligands used for CO2 hydrogenation.Figure 2.2 Correlation between initial TOFs and σp + values of substituents (...Scheme 2.2 Acid–base equilibrium between hydroxy and oxyanion forms and reso...Scheme 2.3 Proposed mechanism for H2 heterolysis assisted by the pendant bas...Figure 2.3 Proton‐responsive N,N‐ligands with pendant OH groups.Figure 2.4 Selected N,N‐ligands with NH groups for CO2 hydrogenation.Scheme 2.4 Deprotonation and resonance of N,N‐ligands with NH groups in comp...Figure 2.5 Selected N,N‐ligands with OH and NH groups for CO2 hydrogenation....Scheme 2.5 In situ–prepared and isolated picolinamide complexes for CO2 hydr...Scheme 2.6 Resonance structures of picolinamide complex.Figure 2.6 NHC Ir complexes developed by Peris et al.Figure 2.7 Pincer Ir complexes developed by Nozaki et al.Scheme 2.7 Proposed mechanism for the hydrogenation of CO2 by 7.Figure 2.8 Pincer Ir complexes with NH group.Scheme 2.8 Proposed mechanism for CO2 hydrogenation with 15b.Figure 2.9 Phosphorous ligands and Ru complexes for CO2 hydrogenation.Scheme 2.9 Biphasic system for CO2 hydrogenation developed by Leitner et al....Figure 2.10 Ru complexes with N,N‐ and N,O‐ligands for CO2 hydrogenation.Scheme 2.10 Pincer Ru complexes for H2 and CO2 activation.Scheme 2.11 Experimentally observed transformations of Ru–PNP complexes in t...Scheme 2.12 CO2 hydrogenation with Ru‐CNC
