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CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis
Edited by
Yuichiro Himeda
Editor
Dr. Yuichiro Himeda
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
AIST Tsukuba West, 16‐1 Onogawa
305‐8569 Tsukuba, Ibaraki
Japan
Cover
Cover Design: Wiley Cover Image: Courtesy of Yuichiro Himeda
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Print ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐34663‐9
ePDF ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐82409‐0
ePub ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐82410‐6
oBook ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐82411‐3
Preface
Carbon dioxide is widely considered to be primarily responsible for global climatic changes. Presently, scientists are facing enormous challenges in mitigating the global CO2 emissions. Significant progress has recently been achieved in the research topic of the catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation, as one of the most important subjects in chemistry. In addition, the paradigm shift from fossil fuels to low‐carbon renewable energy (solar photovoltaics and wind) in recent years will allow for the competition between the CO2 emission by energy consumption and its fixation by CO2 conversion. In future, advancement in the fields of carbon capture and utilization is expected.
I would like to thank all the authors, who are all acknowledged as world expert in their area of CO2 hydrogenation, for their enthusiastic efforts to present recent advances in CO2 hydrogenation. Their state‐of‐the‐art research gives exceptionally beneficial information to the researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in the research field of CO2 hydrogenation. I anticipate that their contributions will stimulate further study in CO2 utilization as well as CO2 hydrogenation. I would also like to thank the Wiley‐VCH team for their continuous support. Finally, I deeply appreciate the members of my research group for their valuable assistance, especially Dr. Ryoichi Kanega for the cover design, and Dr. Hide Kambayashi for data survey.
In the spring and summer of 2020, the world has been hit by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite these difficult times, I am delighted that this book could be completed.
July 2020
Yuichiro Himeda
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,
Global Zero Emission Research Center,
Tsukuba, Japan
1 Introduction
Yuichiro Himeda 1 and Matthias Beller 2
1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Global Zero Emission Research Center, AIST Tsukuba West, 16‐1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐8569, Japan
2Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis, Albert‐Einstein Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
Of the final products of the combustion of carbon‐based fossil fuels, carbon dioxide (CO2) has the highest oxidation state and is known as the major cause of global warming. Annual CO2 emissions from anthropogenic activity in 2018 were approximately 33.1 Gton, an increase of 1.7% compared with 2017 [1]. Since the Industrial Revolution, two trillion tons of CO2 have accumulated in the atmosphere, and the current atmospheric concentration of CO2 has reached an unprecedented level of over 400 ppm (Figure 1.1) [2]. The anthropogenic emission of CO2 is associated with energy consumption, i.e. the combustion of carbon‐based fossil fuels, which currently account for around 85% of the world's energy.
According to the Paris Agreement of the United Nations, an overall limit on total cumulative CO2 emissions is crucial for our future development [3, 4]. According to the 2 °C scenario, further cumulative emissions should be limited to below one trillion ton of CO2. The spread of renewable energy (35%), advances in energy conservation (40%), and carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies (14%) are sure to contribute to addressing the problem (Figure 1.2) [3]. However,
