structures as a f...Figure 4.19. (a) Simulations of a self-gravitating disc, containing stars (top p...Figure 4.20. Left: Shape of the equipotential lines in the frame that rotates wi...Figure 4.21. Periodic orbits characteristic of a barred galaxy in the rotating f...Figure 4.22. Due to collisions between gas clouds, the streamlines of the inters...Figure 4.23. Diagram showing the direction of the gravity torques exerted by the...Figure 4.24. Example of a peanut structure: the galaxy NGC 128, viewed edge-on. ...Figure 4.25. Families of orbits in the projection where the galaxy is viewed edg...Figure 4.26. Evolution of the pattern speed of the bar over 7 billion years for ...Figure 4.27. Fraction of galaxies for three different populations: spiral galaxi...Figure 4.28. Galaxies in the first half of the history of the Universe are domin...5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Optical images of galaxies taken by the Hubble space telescope in va...Figure 5.2. Examples of galaxy pairs as seen in the distant universe. Each circl...Figure 5.3. Summary of properties of merging galaxies in their most likely envir...Figure 5.4. Plots showing the use of quantifying galaxy structures to find merge...Figure 5.5. The measured pair fraction of galaxies up to z ~ 6 taken from Duncan...Figure 5.6. The merger rate (number of mergers occurring per galaxy per unit tim...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. Example of the spectral energy distribution of a galaxy, from UV to ...Figure 6.2. Diagrams that allow “blue” star-forming galaxies (active galaxies) t...Figure 6.3. Luminosity functions of galaxies in the local Universe obtained in t...Figure 6.4. Star formation history of a galaxy experiencing a starburstFigure 6.5. Left: The star-formation main sequence or SFR – M⋆ relation, also ca...Figure 6.6. Left: Evolution of the fraction of starbursts as a function of the r...Figure 6.7. Spatial distribution of galaxies at 0.005 ≤ z ≤ 0.1 in the SDSS (lef...Figure 6.8. Dependency of the star formation rate (SFR) on the galaxy density (Y...Figure 6.9. History of the star formation rate in the Universe as a function of ...Figure 6.10. Composite image of the Hubble Deep Field (HDF), constructed from im...Figure 6.11. Illustration of the method used to identify a Lyman break galaxy (L...Figure 6.12. Images of the same 5’x5’ region in the sky in the GOODS-North field...Figure 6.13. Predicted flux at different wavelengths for an ultraluminous infrar...Figure 6.14. Cosmic history of star formation (left) and mass growth (right) of ...Figure 6.15. Estimates of the stellar mass function of passive galaxies (red) an...Figure 6.16. Left: “stellar mass–metallicity” relation of galaxies, observed at ...Figure 6.17. Left: Evolution of the rate of major galaxy mergers (number of merg...Figure 6.18. Cosmic optical background (COB), infrared background (CIB) and micr...Figure 6.19. Comparison of the cosmic history of star formation (black line, see...Figure 6.20. Evolution of the interstellar gas fraction (Mgaz/M*) as a function ...
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1. Comparison of classifications
Guide
1 Cover
9 Index
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