Carmical ([email protected])
Applied Soil Chemistry
Edited by
Inamuddin
Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Mohd Imran Ahamed
Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Rajender Boddula
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
and
Tariq Altalhi
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-71018-9
Cover image: Pixabay.Com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
Soil chemistry refers to the chemical reactions in soils that affect the growth and nutrition of plants. Applied soil chemistry is an interdisciplinary field covering soil, water, plants and atmosphere, which impacts plant, animal and human health. Water and nutrients are provided in different types of soil that are home to microorganisms and many other creatures and plants. The properties of these soils affect the crop production of agricultural fields; therefore, this discipline provides support to the sustainable agricultural management of soils.
State-of-the-art information regarding applied soil sciences is explored in this book. In addition to the fundamentals of soil chemistry, model concepts, principles, chemical reactions, functions, chemical recycling, chemical weathering, acid-base chemistry, carbon sequestration, and nutrient availability of soils are highlighted. Also included among the topics are the chemistry of heavy metals in soil environments, ion-exchange processes on clay, along with relevant analytical tools and applications. This book will help the reader understand soil characteristics by targeting soil chemical reactions and interactions and their applications. Since the chapters were written by noted professionals in the field, it will be an excellent reference guide for students, faculty, researchers and professionals in the field of environmental science, earth science, soil chemistry, and agroecology. The subject matter covered in each chapter is summarized below.
Chapter 1 provides details on the significance of soils as a carbon store. Retaining and ideally boosting carbon in soils helps to inhibit its buildup in the atmosphere. It takes some time for soil carbon to become mineralized, whereas soil erosion and tillage continuously release some soil carbon into the atmosphere.
Chapter 2 provides background information on the chemical weathering of minerals. A discussion of the weathering sequence of minerals from the soil mainly sheds light on the factors which control the rate of chemical weathering, including temperature and time factors, biotic process, oxidation, reduction, comparative stability of various minerals, water, leaching, and acidity.
Chapter 3 discusses the effect that agricultural management systems have on soil health by evaluating reduced processing systems, organic fertilizers, and biological control of weeds, along with their effect on the bioeconomy, including agriculture, forestry, fishing, aquaculture, woodworking, biorefineries, and nanobiotechnology. The data provided is based on the evaluation of indicators of physical, chemical, biological, microbiological, and biochemical soil health. The benefits of soil resilience and better adaptation to extreme events are also included.
Chapter 4 discusses the advances in soil chemistry which are based on the analysis of the soil at an in-situ level and the presence of carbon speciation in soil. The analysis of the soil using sensors, the internet of things, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and drones with big data
