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IdentificationLCID Logical Channel IdentifierLDPC Low Density Parity CheckLLC Logical Link ControlLI Layer IndicatorLSB Least Significant BitLTE Long‐term EvolutionmMTC Massive Machine Type CommunicationsmIoT Massive Internet of ThingsMAC Medium Access ControlMANO Management and OrchestrationMCC Mobile Country CodeMCS Modulation and coding schemeMIB Master Information BlockMIMO Multiple‐Input Multiple‐OutputMM Mobility ManagementMME Mobility Management EntityMMEC MME CodeMMS Multimedia messaging serviceMN Master NodeMNC Mobile Network CodeMOC Mobile‐originated voice callMOCN Multi‐operator Core NetworkMS Mobile stationMSB Most Significant BitMSC Mobile Switching CenterMSC‐S MSC ServerMSIN Mobile Subscriber Identification NumberMU‐MIMO Multi‐User MIMON3IWF Non‐3GPP Inter‐working FunctionNACK Negative AcknowledgmentNAS Non‐access StratumNEF Network Exposure FunctionNF Network FunctionNFV Network Functions VirtualizationNGAP Next Generation Application ProtocolNG‐RAN Next Generation Radio Access NetworkNon‐GBR Non‐Guaranteed Bit RateNNSF NAS Node Selection FunctionNRF Network Repository FunctionNSA Non‐StandaloneNR New RadioNRF Network Repository FunctionNSSAI Network Slice Selection Assistance InformationNSSF Network Slice Selection FunctionNSAPI Network Service Access Point IdentifierNSS Network SubsystemOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingOFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing AccessO&M Operation and MaintenancePBCH Physical Broadcast ChannelPCH Paging ChannelPCF Policy Control FunctionPCO Protocol Configuration OptionsPCRF Policy Charging and Restriction FunctionPCU Packet Control UnitPCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator ChannelPDCCH Physical Downlink Control ChannelPDCP Packet Data Convergence ProtocolPDSCH Physical Downlink Shared ChannelPD Protocol DiscriminatorPDSCH/PUSCH Physical Downlink/Uplink Shared ChannelPDN Packet Data NetworkPDU Protocol Data UnitPDP Packet Data ProtocolPEI Permanent Equipment IdentifierPER Packet Error RatePLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPFC Packet Flow ContextPGW Packet Data Network GatewayPHICH Physical HARQ Indication ChannelPMI Precoding‐Matrix IndicatorPOST Power‐on self‐testPRACH Physical Random‐Access ChannelPRB Physical Radio BlockP‐RNTI Paging RNTIPS Packet SwitchedPSS Primary Synchronization SignalPSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkPTI Procedure Transaction IdentityPTRS Phase‐tracking Reference SignalPUCCH Physical Uplink Control ChannelPUSCH Physical Uplink Shared ChannelQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQCI QoS Class IdentifierQFI QoS Flow IDQoS Quality of ServiceQPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingRAB Radio Access BearerRAI Routing Area IdentificationRAC Routeing Area CodeRAN Radio Access NetworkRA‐RNTI Random Access RNTIRACH Random Access ChannelRAT Radio Access TechnologyRB Resource BlockRE Resource ElementRBG Resource Block GroupRF Radio FrequencyRI Rank IndicatorRAU Routing Area UpdateREG Resource Element GroupRLC Radio Link ControlRF Radio FrequencyRIV Resource Indication ValueRNA RAN‐based Notification AreaRNAU RAN‐based Notification Area UpdateRNS Radio Network SubsystemRNC Radio Network ControllerRNL Radio Network LayerRNTI Radio Network Temporary IdentifierRoHC Robust Header CompressionRR Radio ResourceRRC Radio Resource ControlRS Reference SignalRSRP Reference Signal Received PowerRSRQ Reference Signal Received QualityRRM Radio Resource ManagementRTOS Real‐Time Operating SystemS1‐AP S1 Application ProtocolSA Standalone ModeSAP Service Access PointSAPI Service Access Point IdentifierSBA Service‐based ArchitectureSBI Service‐based InterfaceSCP Service Communication ProxySCTP Stream Control Transmission ProtocolSDAP Service Data Application ProtocolSDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control ChannelSDN Software Defined NetworkingSDU Service Data UnitSD Slice DifferentiatorSEAF Security Anchor FunctionalitySEPP Security Edge Protection ProxySFN System Frame NumberSFI‐RNTI Slot Format Indication RNTISGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeSIB System Information BlockSLA Service‐Level AgreementSMP Symmetric Multicore ProcessingS‐GW Serving GatewaySI Skip Indicator/System InformationSM Session ManagementSMS Short Messaging ServiceSMF Session Management FunctionSN RLC Layer PDU Sequence NumberSN Secondary NodeSNDCP Subnetwork Dependent Convergence ProtocolS‐NSSAI Single Network Slice Selection Assistance InformationSNPN Standalone Non‐Public NetworkSSC Session and Service ContinuitySST Slice/Service TypeSPS Semi‐persistent SchedulingSR Scheduling RequestSRVCC Single Radio Voice Call ContinuitySRB Signaling radio bearersSRS Sounding reference signalSSB Synchronization Signal BlockSSS Secondary Synchronization SignalSS Supplementary ServicesSS/PBCH Synchronization Signal Physical Broadcast ChannelSS‐RSRP SS Reference Signal Received PowerSS‐RSRQ SS Reference Signal Received QualitySS‐SINR SS Signal‐to‐Noise and Interference RatioSTL Standard Template LibrarySU‐MIMO Single‐User MIMOSUCI Subscription Concealed IdentifierSUPI Subscription Permanent IdentifierTAC Tracking Area CodeTAU Tracking Area UpdateTCH Traffic ChannelTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTDD Time Division DuplexTI Transaction IdentifierTFT Traffic Flow TemplateTNL Transport Network LayerTPC Transmit Power ControlTRX Trans‐receiverTS TimeslotTTI Transmission Time IntervalUCI Uplink Control InformationUDM Unified Data ManagementUDP User Datagram ProtocolUDR Unified Data RepositoryUE User EquipmentUm GSM Air InterfaceUML Unified Modeling LanguageUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemUu UMTS/LTE Air InterfaceUPF User Plane FunctionUTRAN UMTS terrestrial radio access network UMTSURLLC Ultra Reliable and Low Latency CommunicationsUUID Universally Unique IdentifierVLR Visitor Location RegisterVoLTE Voice over LTEVRB Virtual Resource BlockWCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (UMTS)Xn‐C Xn‐Control planeXn‐U Xn‐User planeXnAP Xn Application Protocol
1 Introduction : Career Opportunities in Mobile Communications Networks Space
You see, wire telegraph is a kind of a very, very long cat. You pull his tail in New York; and his head is meowing in Los Angeles. Do you understand this? And radio operates exactly the same way:
