Семь грехов памяти. Как наш мозг нас обманывает. Дэниел Шектер

Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу Семь грехов памяти. Как наш мозг нас обманывает - Дэниел Шектер страница 14

Семь грехов памяти. Как наш мозг нас обманывает - Дэниел Шектер

Скачать книгу

томография: обзор методов нейровизуализации: Posner – Raichle 1994; последние обзоры исследований памяти с применением технологий нейровизуализации: Buckner 2000; Nyberg – Cabeza 2000; Schacter – Wagner 1999.

      26

      Неудачные попытки активации гиппокампа: обсуждение причин и трудностей в активации гиппокампа см.: Schacter – Wagner 1999.

      27

      Предсказание того, что запомнится, с помощью фМРТ: Wagner et al. 1998. В нашем исследовании использовался тип «обратного прогнозирования»: сначала мы распределяли результаты испытуемых, прошедших тест на узнавание, в зависимости от того, запомнили они тот или иной элемент или забыли его, а затем определяли, какие области мозга при запоминании активировались сильнее. Обсуждение возможностей фМРТ в изучении процессов кодирования информации представлено в исследовании Wagner et al. 1999.

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

Скачать книгу