Algebra and Applications 1. Abdenacer Makhlouf

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      Let Kan(n) = G(n) + G(n)v. The Grassmann superalgebra G(n) is embeddable in the associative commutative superalgebra A = F [t, ξ1,…, ξn] = F [t] ⊗F G(n).

      For an arbitrary scalar αF, the Poisson bracket [ , ] extends to the Jordan bracket on A defined by [t, ξi] = 0, [ξi, ξj] = –δij, [ξi, 1] = 0, [t, 1] = αt. The Kantor double Kan(n) = G(n) + G(n)v embeds in the Kantor double Kan(A, [ , ]) = A + Av. The subspace V (α) = tG(n) + tG(n)v is an irreducible unital Jordan bimodule over K(n). The square of the multiplication operator by the element v acts on V (α) as the scalar multiplication by α.

      The simple superalgebras Kan(n), n ≥ 2 are exceptional (see Martínez et al. (2001)). Therefore, they do not have non-zero one-sided Jordan bimodules.

      THEOREM 1.9 (Stern (1995), Martínez and Zelmanov (2009), Solarte and Shestakov (2016)).– Every finite dimensional irreducible Jordan bimodule over Kan(n), n ≥ 2 is isomorphic to V (α) or V (α)op, αF.

      In Solarte and Shestakov (2016), the theorem above was proved for algebras over a field of characteristic p > 2.

      1.7.2(c) Jordan superalgebras of a superform. Let image be a ℤ/2ℤ-graded vector space with a non-degenerate supersymmetric bilinear form. Assume image, image and choose a basis e1,…, em in image with 〈ei, ej〉 = δij and a basis v1, w1,…, vn, wn in image such that

image

      Let Cl(m) be the Clifford algebra of the restriction of the form 〈 , 〉 to image, and let

image

      be the simple Weyl algebra.

      Then the tensor product S = Cl(m) ⊗F Wn is the universal associative enveloping superalgebra of the Jordan superalgebra J = V + F ∙ 1.

      Since the algebra Wn, n ≥ 1 is infinite dimensional, it follows that the superalgebra J does not have non-zero finite dimensional one-sided Jordan bimodules unless n = 0.

      Consider in the algebra S the chain of subspaces

image

      where Sr = (0) for r < 0, image for r ≥ 1. Clearly, image.

      THEOREM 1.10 (Martin and Piard (1992)).–

      1 1) For every r ≥ 1, Sr/Sr–2 is a unital irreducible Jordan bimodule over J.

      2 2) Let V′= Fu ⊕ V, where |u| = 0. Extend the bilinear form 〈 , 〉 to V′ via 〈u, u〉 = 1, 〈u, V〉 = (0). Then for every even r ≥ 0, the quotient uSr /uSr–2 is a unital irreducible Jordan bimodule over J.

      3 3) Every unital irreducible finite dimensional J-bimodule is isomorphic to Sr/Sr–2 or to uSr/uSr–2 for even r.

      The classification of irreducible Jordan bimodules over M1+1(F)(+), D(t), K3, JP(2) is too technical for an Encyclopedia survey. For a detailed description of finite dimensional irreducible Jordan bimodules, (see Martínez and Zelmanov (2003), Martin and Piard (1992), Martínez and Zelmanov (2006), Martínez and Shestakov (2020)). We will make only some general comments.

      1.7.2(d) The universal associative enveloping superalgebra of J = M1+1(F)(+) is infinite dimensional, and finite dimensional one-sided Jordan bimodules over J are not necessarily completely reducible.

      There is a family of 4-dimensional unital Jordan J-bimodules V (α, β, γ), which are parameterized by scalars α, β, γF. If γ2 – 1 – 4αβ ≠ 0, then the bimodule V (α, β, γ) is irreducible. If γ2 – 1 – 4αβ = 0, then it has a composition series with 2-dimensional irreducible factors.

      Every irreducible finite dimensional unital Jordan J-bimodule is isomorphic to V (α, β, γ), γ2 – 1 – 4αβ ≠ 0, or to a factor of a composition series of V (α, β, γ), γ2 – 1 – 4αβ = 0 (see Martínez and Zelmanov (2009); Martínez and Shestakov (2020)).

      1.7.2(e) Now let us discuss the superalgebras D(t) and K3. Recall that

image image

      Then D(0) = F ∙ 1 + K3, D(–1) ≅ M1+1(F)(+), D(1) is a Jordan superalgebra of a superform.

      We will assume therefore that t ≠ –1, 1.

      One-sided bimodules. The superalgebra K3 does not have any non-zero one-sided Jordan bimodules (it has non-zero one-sided bimodules if char F > 0). All finite dimensional one-sided Jordan bimodules over D(t), t ≠ –1, 1, are completely reducible. The superalgebra D(t) does not have non-zero one-sided bimodules unless image or image, where m ∈ ℤ, m ≥ 1. For image, there exists one (up to opposites) irreducible one-sided J-bimodule of dimension 2m + 3; for image, there exists one (up to opposites) irreducible one-sided J-bimodule of dimension 2m + 1.

      Unital bimodules. If J = D(t) and t cannot be represented as image

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