and sociologists20 have expressed similar views.
The COVID-19 crisis has made it abundantly clear that expert knowledge21and expertise are in demand again today (after the populist zeitgeist had relied strongly on a politics of feelings and the power of “common sense”). Hopefully, European politicians will not quickly dismiss the lessons of the crisis, but will be forced to develop and agree on sustainable solidarity with the vulnerable and social programmes in order to be prepared for new, cross-border crises—which will surely come.
Dr Ruth Wodak is a Senior Fellow at CARR and emerita distinguished professor of discourse studies at Lancaster University and affiliated with the University of Vienna.
1 Markus Rheindorf and Ruth Wodak‚ “Borders, Fences and Limits—Protecting Austria from Refugees: Metadiscursive Negotiations of Meaning in the Current Refugee Crisis,” Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 16 no.1–2 (2018): 15-38.
2 Ruth Wodak, The Politics of Fear: The Shameless Normalization of Far-right Populist Discourses (London: SAGE, 2021).
3 Anna Triandafyllidou, Ruth Wodak and Michał Krzyżanowski, eds. The European Public Sphere and the Media Europe in Crisis (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2009).
4 Florian Oberhuber, Christoph Bärenreuter, Michał Krzyżanowski, Heinz Schönbauer and Ruth Wodak, “Debating the European Constitution: On Representations of Europe/ the EU in the Press’, JLP 4, no. 2 (2005): 227-71.
5 Jan Zielonka, “Has the Coronavirus Brought Back the Nation State?,” Social Europe, March 26, 2020, https://www.socialeurope.eu/has-the-coronavirus-brought-back-the-nation-state.
6 Johannes Pollak and Peter Slominski, Das Politische System der EU (Munich: Facultas, 2012).
7 See “Türkei-Krise: Syrischer Arzt Schildert Dramatische Situation- ‘Massenhinrichtungsstopp’,” Merkur, March 28, 2020, https://www.merkur.de/politik/fluechtlinge-tuerkei-griechenland-syrien-erdogan-merkel-videos-asyl-eu-grenze-news-merz-zr-13566876.html.
8 EU Commission, “Kommission analysiert Gesundheitssysteme der Mitgliedstaaten,” https://ec.europa.eu/germany/news/20171123-gesundheitssysteme_de.
9 Antje Wiener, Tanja A. Börzel and Thomas Risse, European Integration Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).
10 “14 unterzeichnen Protestbrief. Unmut der EU-Staaten über Ungarns Notstandsgesetz wächst,” Kleine Zeitung, April 2, 2020, https://www.kleinezeitung.at/international/corona/5795049/14-unterzeichnen-Protestbrief_Unmut-der-EUStaaten-ueber-Ungarns.
11 Jan-Werner Müller, “What Happens When an Autocrat’s Conservative Enablers Finally Turn on Him? Right-Wing European Politicians Rebuked Hungary’s Viktor Orbán. But That Could Radicalize Him Even More,” The Atlantic, September 13, 2018, www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/09/orban-hungary-europe-populism-illiberalism/570136/.
12 Jan-Werner Müller, “Populists are Likely to Benefit from the Coronavirus Pandemic,” Institute for Human Sciences, Vienna Blog, April 16, 2020, https://www.iwm.at/always-active/corona-focus/jan-werner-mullerhow-populists-will-leverage-the-coronavirus-pandemic/.
13 Cas Mudde, “The 2019 EU Elections: Moving the Center,” Journal of Democracy 30 no.4 (2019): 20-34.
14 Ruth Wodak, “Entering the ‘Post-Shame Era’—The Rise of Illiberal Democracy, Populism and Neo-Authoritarianism in EUrope,” Global Discourse 9, no. 1 (2019): 195-219.
15 Jean Ziegler, Die Schande Europas (Munich: Bertelsmann, 2020).
16 Sebastian Leber and Kai Müller, “Die doppelte Hölle von Lesbos,” Tagesspiegel, March 17, 2020, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/themen/reportage/coronavirus-trifft-auf-fluechtlingskrise-die-doppelte-hoelle-von-lesbos/25649140.html.
17 Markus Salzmann, “Hungarian Government Uses Corona Pandemic to Promote Racism,” World Socialist Web Site, March 19, 2020, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/03/19/hung-m19.html.
18 Pieter Bevelander and Ruth Wodak, eds. Europe at the Crossroads. (Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2019).
19 Ulrike Guérot, “Die Post-Corona Demokratie in Europa,” Vienna Lectures, April 2, 2020, https://vorlesungen.wien.gv.at/site/wv-digital-die-post-corona-demokratie-in-europa/.
20 Barbara Prainsack, “Gesellschaft im Umbruch. Was macht die Corona Epidemie mit uns? Erste Ergebnisse aus den Sozialwissenschaften,” Vienna Lectures, April 23, 2020, https://vorlesungen.wien.gv.at/site/gesellschaft-im-umbruch-was-macht-die-pandemie-mit-uns/.
21 Ruth Wodak, “Kommunikation in und über die Corona-Krise,” Institute for Human Sciences, Vienna Blog, 30 March 30, 2020, https://www.iwm.at/always-active/corona-focus/ruth-wodak-kommunikation-in-und-uber-die-corona-krise-erste-beobachtungen-und-analysen/.
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