survival in severe progressive septic acute kidney injury. J Crit Care 2012;27:743.e9–e18.
37 Chon GR, Chang JW, Huh JW, Lim CM, Koh Y, Park SK, et al: A comparison of the time from sepsis to inception of continuous renal replacement therapy versus RIFLE criteria in patients with septic acute kidney injury. Shock 2012;38:30–36.
38 Carl DE, Grossman C, Behnke M, Sessler CN, Gehr TW: Effect of timing of dialysis on mortality in critically ill, septic patients with acute renal failure. Hemodial Int 2010;14:11–17.
39 Ostermann M, Dickie H, Barrett NA: Renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury – when to start. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:2242–2248.
40 Joannidis M, Forni LG: Clinical review: timing of renal replacement therapy. Crit Care 2011;15:223.
41 Karvellas CJ, Farhat MR, Sajjad I, Mogensen SS, Leung AA, Wald R, et al: A comparison of early versus late initiation of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2011;15:R72.
42 Shum HP, Chan KC: Timing for initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with septic shock and acute kidney injury. Ther Apher Dial 2013;17:643.
43 Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, Martin-Lefevre L, Pons B, Boulet E, et al: Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med 2016;375:122–133.
44 Kellum JA, Lameire N; KDIGO AKI Guideline Work Group: Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (part 1). Crit Care 2013;17:204.
45 Fülöp T, Pathak MB, Schmidt DW, Lengvárszky Z, Juncos JP, Lebrun CJ, et al: Volume-related weight gain and subsequent mortality in acute renal failure patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy. ASAIO J 2010;56:333–337.
46 Ronco C, Bellomo R, Homel P, Brendolan A, Dan M, Piccinni P, et al: Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 2000;356:26–30.
47 RENAL Replacement Therapy Study Investigators, Bellomo R, Cass A, Cole L, Finfer S, Gallagher M, et al: Intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1627–1638.
48 VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network, Palevsky PM, Zhang JH, O’Connor TZ, Chertow GM, Crowley ST, et al: Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med 2008;359:7–20.
49 Joannes-Boyau O, Honoré PM, Perez P, Bagshaw SM, Grand H, Canivet JL, et al: High-volume versus standard-volume haemofiltration for septic shock patients with acute kidney injury (IVOIRE study): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2013;39:1535–1546.
50 Doyle JF, Forni LG: Update on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: emerging targeted therapies. Biologics 2016;10:149–156.
51 Prowle JR, Bellomo R: Continuous renal replacement therapy: recent advances and future research. Nat Rev Nephrol 2010;6:521–529.
52 Wald R, Friedrich JO, Bagshaw SM, Burns KE, Garg AX, Hladunewich MA, et al: Optimal mode of clearance in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (OMAKI) – a pilot randomized controlled trial of hemofiltration versus hemodialysis: a Canadian Critical Care Trials Group project. Crit Care 2012;16:R205.
53 Fiaccadori E, Maggiore U, Parenti E, Giacosa R, Picetti E, Rotelli C, et al: Sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) with prostacyclin in critically ill patients with acute renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:529–537.
54 Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Bosman RJ, Koopmans M, van der Voort PH, Wester JP, van der Spoel JI, et al: Citrate anticoagulation for continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Crit Care Med 2009;37:545–552.
55 Yumoto M, Nishida O, Moriyama K, Shimomura Y, Nakamura T, Kuriyama N, et al: In vitro evaluation of high mobility group box 1 protein removal with various membranes for continuous hemofiltration. Ther Apher Dial 2011;15:385–393.
56 Honore PM, Jacobs R, Joannes-Boyau O, De Regt J, De Waele E, van Gorp V, et al: Newly designed CRRT membranes for sepsis and SIRS – a pragmatic approach for bedside intensivists summarizing the more recent advances: a systematic structured review. ASAIO J 2013;59:99–106.
57 Morgera S, Haase M, Kuss T, Vargas-Hein O, Zuckermann-Becker H, Melzer C, et al: Pilot study on the effects of high cutoff hemofiltration on the need for norepinephrine in septic patients with acute renal failure. Crit Care Med 2006;34:2099–2104.
58 Haase M, Bellomo R, Baldwin I, Haase-Fielitz A, Fealy N, Davenport P, et al: Hemodialysis membrane with a high-molecular-weight cutoff and cytokine levels in sepsis complicated by acute renal failure: a phase 1 randomized trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;50:296–304.
59 Borthwick EM, Hill CJ, Rabindranath KS, Maxwell AP, McAuley DF, Blackwood B: High-volume haemofiltration for sepsis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;1:CD008075.
60 Cruz DN, Antonelli M, Fumagalli R, Foltran F, Brienza N, Donati A, et al: Early use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in abdominal septic shock: the EUPHAS randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301:2445–2452.
61 Payen DM, Guilhot J, Launey Y, Lukaszewicz AC, Kaaki M, Veber B, et al: Early use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in patients with septic shock due to peritonitis: a multicenter randomized control trial. Intensive Care Med 2015;41:975–984.
62 Klein DJ, Foster D, Schorr CA, Kazempour K, Walker PM, Dellinger RP: The EUPHRATES trial (evaluating the use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in a randomized controlled trial of adults treated for endotoxemia and septic shock): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014;15:218.
63 Cruz DN, de Cal M, Piccinni P, Ronco C: Polymyxin-B hemoperfusion and endotoxin removal:
