The Mosquito Book. Brett Ortler

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The Mosquito Book - Brett Ortler

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Mosquitoes, Star Trek and Microneedles

       Pumping Blood

       Eating Overload

       Population Density: How Many Mosquitoes Are There on an Average Night?

       The Worst Party Ever: An (Involuntary) Blood Drive

       Exsanguination: The Worst-Case Scenario

       Pity the Caribou

       Watch Out for Grandma Skeeter!

       Once Bitten

       Why Some Years Are Worse Than Others

       The Genetics of Vulnerability to Mosquitoes

       Mosquitoes as Disease Vectors: Flying Syringes

       Malaria: A Deadly Package Delivered by a Mosquito

       Attack of the Clones

       A Terrible Toll

       Humanity and Malaria: Familiar Foes

       Evolution in Action: The Malaria Hypothesis

       Quinine and Sweet Wormwood Save the Day

       Efforts to Eradicate Malaria

       Yellow Fever and Dengue Fever

       West Nile Virus: New Kid on the Block

       Mosquitoes and Encephalitis

       Heartworm

       Avoiding Mosquitoes Made Easy

       Get Rid of That Standing Water!

       Location, Location, Location—and Time

       What’s a Mosquito’s Favorite Color?

       DEET: The Gold Standard

       General Tips for Using DEET

       Pyrethrum, Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids: Chrysanthemums to the Rescue

       Permethrin is for Use on Clothing, Not Skin

       General Tips for Using Permethrin on Clothing

       Using Other Types of Permethrin Insecticides

       Picaridin: Another Product Inspired by a Natural Repellent

       General Tips for Using Picaridin

       Eucalyptus Isn’t Just for Koalas: Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, a Natural Mosquito Repellent

       General Tips for Using PMD and Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus

       IR3535: A Clunky Name, but a Popular Choice Across the Pond

       General Tips for Using IR3535

       What Doesn’t Work: Superstitions, Mosquito Traps and Other Bogus “Cures”

       Mosquito Control on the Home Front: Mosquito Dunks and Citronella

       A Mosquito Miscellany: The Weird, the True, and the Funny of Mosquito Lore

       Mosquitoes in War

       Bugs in Battle: Entomological Warfare!

       Time for Payback: The World Mosquito Killing Championship

       Annoyance, Meet Terror: The Botfly

       An Ongoing Science

       New Approaches and Treatments

       Invasive Species and Mosquitoes in a Warming World

       Getting Involved

       Identifying Aedes, Anopheles and Culex Mosquitoes

       How to Identify Potential Disease-Carrying Mosquitoes

       Identifying Eggs

       Identifying Larvae

       Identifying Adults

       Table of Repellents/Insecticides

       Recommended Resources/Reading

       Bibliography

       About the Author

      Frequently Asked Questions

      Why do mosquitoes bite?

      Mosquitoes don’t actually obtain nutrition from blood. Instead, female mosquitoes use the blood to obtain the proteins needed to produce a batch of eggs. Without a “blood meal” most species can’t produce eggs.

      How many mosquitoes are there in my yard?

      This is one of the most common questions about mosquitoes, but it is also one of the hardest to answer. The reason is pretty obvious: mosquitoes are small, hard to track, and populations vary greatly by species, habitat, and light and weather conditions. This is all too easy to observe—your front yard might be miraculously mosquito-free, but mosquitoes might chase you out of your garden. Suffice it to say: we’re seriously, seriously outnumbered.

      What’s the most effective repellent?

      Not all mosquito repellents are created equal. DEET is considered the “gold standard” of repellents, so much so that all others are compared to it. A number of other effective repellents are now on the market, including Picaridin, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (aka PMD) and IR3535. Take note, however, that not every repellent works equally well against every species of mosquito, and they vary wildly by concentration and how long they protect you from mosquitoes. What’s more, some should not be used on young children. Always read the product labels and heed the directions when choosing a product. When in doubt, consult your doctor.

      How can I fight back against mosquitoes?

      Know

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