The mechanical part of the robot is designed for mechanical purposes such as designing the particular shape and processing of the particular task. With the mechanical components it also follows the physics friction mechanism for processing of the task.
The robots have the electrical power capable of handling the mechanical products because the electricity is capable of handling the machine [3]. Even though there are petrol-based robots, they still require electrical energy in order to function, just as a car works with a battery.
1.3 Applications
Because the lives of people were becoming busier, robots were designed to help meet the needs of their users. Initially we assigned the task or multiple tasks as per the instructions of humans and the robots performed the task if the particular task was programmed and vice versa. Later on, the robots were designed in such a way that specific robots or customized robots were designed for specific tasks. The main theme in designing customized robots was to make them work more efficiently. Generally, the robots were designed in an assembly manner for making them more adaptive as well as making the tasks speedier. Such types of robots were categorized as “assembly robots.” Now robots were also used in the automobile industry for procedures such as welding, tightening, etc., and the robots were the products called “integrated units” because they were designed in such a way that they were integrated with different fields like mechanical and electrical engineering and computers. For example, robots that performed welding tasks were called “welding robots.” Any type of robot had the capability of performing various types of tasks [4]. Some robots were exclusively designed for making the heavy load changes and such type of robots were treated as “heavy duty robots.” Finally, “humanoid robots” were designed for addressing all the emergencies that a human does.
The robots described above are just some of the various robots and their applications in specific fields. Some of the various types of robots and various places where they are being used include:
Military robots
Industrial robots
Collaborative robots
Construction robots
Agricultural robots
Medical robots
Robots for kitchen automation
Spot robot for combat
Robots for cleaning up contaminated areas
such as toxic sites or nuclear facilities
Domestic robots
Nanorobots
Swarm robots
Autonomous drones
Robots for sports field line marking
1.4 Components Needed for a Robot
Electricity, mechanical power and programming are the main things needed to successfully design a robot. First, when designing the robot, the planning and outlook of how it should be viewed after implementation are the main things to keep in mind [5]. Below are the requirements for designing a full-fledged robot:
1 1) Power SourceFor the power source the main thing which we use is batteries. The power taken from electricity will convert to the thermal energy stored in the batteries. All robots need a battery in order to work. The robot will work up to a certain number of hours when it is fully charged. The batteries, such as silicon batteries and acid batteries, are used because batteries, such as silver-cadmium batteries, are too expensive. While designing the required battery for a particular robot, initially we only have to think about the power consumption of the robot based on its working capacity. If the robot work capacity is less and if we give more power the electricity inside the robot may short circuit and total loss or damage to the robot may ensue. We also have to consider the weight of the robot while designing because if the robot is heavier it will consume more power when performing the user requests [6]. If the robot is heavier there are many disadvantages such as not cost-effective, difficult to manage the tasks, higher power consumption, inefficient, etc. Apart from electric power there are a few other alternatives which are beneficial, such asPneumatic powerSolar powerHydraulic powerFlywheel energy storageAnaerobic digestionNuclear power
2 2) ActuationIn human terminology, the actuator is like muscles for the robot. Here the overall thing depends on the momentum of the device. Most of the devices work in an electrical and mechanical manner. These robots help in controlling, managing and monitoring the works. After designing the particular robot for a particular manner in the customized way, many of the alterations were performed on the robot and many of the software updates and alterations were made either in terms of hardware or software or battery or capacity, etc., based on the load and capacity of the robot.
3 3) Electric MotorsA large number of robots use electrical and mechanical power for performing tasks. The robots use mechanical power as well as electrical power for performing tasks. The robots use DC motors and AC motors for industrial purposes for performing the heavy loaded type of tasks. There will be motors which perform the heavy loaded as well as light loaded tasks. Here, when performing the
