rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Wiley Global Headquarters
111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials, or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-79159-1
Cover image: Pixabay.Com Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
Due to their continuously growing populations, cities are facing major challenges in providing conditions that will contribute to the development of a healthy sustainable environment. This population growth has increased resource requirements and the demand for large-scale waste management systems and other services. Therefore, the aim of sustainable development is to provide processes for the planning, implementation and development of projects to meet the needs of modern communities without compromising the potential of future generations. Sustainability always includes a balance of priorities in various areas, including economics, community needs and environmental quality, as well as justice, health and well-being, energy, water and material resources, and transportation needs. Also, since communication is of fundamental importance for both internet access and new digital services, an important starting point for smart cities is the introduction of public Wi-Fi.
Another point of significant concern that has contributed to the advent of sustainable smart cities is the energy crisis brought about by the global demand for limited natural resources, which are declining as demand grows. These natural resources are used by the industrial, transport, commercial, and residential sectors. Those living in residential areas use energy mostly for space heating, followed by electronics, lighting and other appliances, water heating, air conditioning, and cooling. Because the global residential sector consumes a significant amount of energy, which is equivalent to one-third of all available primary energy resources, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption by using sustainable buildings. A good management strategy must be expected to mitigate the dangerous consequences of rapid urbanization in modern society, the economy and the environment. Since sustainable smart cities include established structures, infrastructures, communities, institutions, and individuals, the proposed solution should be the result of real interdisciplinary discussions in a multicultural environment that encourages communication and has a real chance of succeeding.
This book provides readers with a platform through which they can simulate all of the requirements for the development of smart sustainable cities. It helps readers interact, brainstorm, and work on common problems or discuss proven solutions and models. Moreover, it also deals with energy consumption. Such energy consumption leads to a rapid depletion of energy resources, an increased need for building maintenance, an improvised comfortable lifestyle, and an increase in time spent on building construction. A sustainable building mainly refers to the renewable sources used for construction that help the structure withstand atmospheric changes. Currently, all countries are looking for ecological materials; that is, renewable plant materials such as straw and clay bricks, wood from forests certified for sustainable management, recycled materials, and other nontoxic, reusable and renewable products. For sustainable and durable construction, energy efficiency is an urgent problem, and researchers are currently actively involved in this area. This book provides an in-depth analysis of design technologies that lay a solid foundation for sustainable buildings. Smart automation technologies that help save energy are also highlighted, as well as various performance indicators needed to make construction easier. The aim of this book is to create a strong research community and to impart a deep understanding of the latest knowledge regarding the field of energy and comfort, along with offering solid ideas in the near future for sustainable buildings. These buildings will help cities grow into smart cities. Since the focus of smart cities is on low energy consumption, renewable energy, and a small carbon footprint, researchers must study optimization methods in order to find the optimal use of energy resources.
The book is organized as follows: Chapter 1, “The Use of Machine Learning for Sustainable and Resilient Buildings,” provides insights into intelligent resources, artificial learning and big data analytics. A detailed study of the field of intelligent architecture is presented, which focuses on the role of machine learning and large-scale data analytics technologies. Finally, some of the challenges and opportunities of applying machine learning in the built environment are discussed. Chapter 2, “Fire Hazard Detection and Prediction by Machine Learning Techniques in Smart Buildings (SBs) Using Sensors and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV),” discusses various time-series methods used to calculate the threshold value of the parameters in UAV-based data, including the Naive Bayes, simple average, moving average, simple exponential smoothing (SES), Holt’s linear, Holt-Winters, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methods. Since variation in the degree of value from the threshold range is helpful in predicting different actions, the vector autoregressive (VAR) method is also discussed, which is a multivariate time-series analysis used to calculate the threshold value that considers all the features at once along with their impact on each other.
Chapter 3, “Sustainable Infrastructure Theories and Models,” introduces the concepts of data fusion and data fusion approaches with respect to sustainable infrastructure. This work computes and explains various data fusion tools, techniques, and important methods of decentralized and distributed detection. Several smart city infrastructure approaches are highlighted along with the smart city components architecture. Chapter
