Dental Trauma at a Glance. Aws Alani

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Dental Trauma at a Glance - Aws Alani

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and their reduction to maximise preventative strategies. By instigating awareness amongst the public, injuries can be avoided, and the burden of their management during the patient’s life can be mitigated or completely removed. At worst, the severity of injuries can be reduced, making them easier to manage and resolve. Dental trauma injuries such as avulsion or intrusion can be complicated and challenging for the clinician, whereas conditions that involve luxation type injuries are easier to plan and manage future physiological or biological changes during the lifetime of the patient. The following are common risk factors (Glendor 2009).

       Patients with an overjet of 6 mm or greater (Figure 1.1).

       Lip incompetence (Figure 1.2).

       Protruding upper anterior teeth.

       Patients with residual dental disease, such as heavily restored teeth or periodontitis, are more likely to suffer greater consequences of trauma than those with otherwise intact healthy dentitions (Figure 1.3).

       Formulates a large cohort of dental injuries.

       Patients prone to falling over due to medical conditions or those that may be at a greater risk due to seizures such as epilepsy may present multiple times throughout their lives.

       Sports that involve projectile equipment such as hockey, cricket, or football are also at a greater risk. Ice hockey has been shown to have the highest prevalence of all sports.

       Contact sports such as boxing and martial arts also carry an increased risk. Non‐contact sports such as gymnastics, horse riding, and athletics also represent a risk.

       There is some evidence that shows areas with greater deprivation have a higher prevalence of trauma.

       Densely populated areas also show a greater prevalence.

       Patients who take risks with their physical safety are at a greater risk of dental trauma (Figure 1.4).

       Situations of greater interpersonal difficulty such as being bullied have a higher risk of dental trauma.

       Patients who are hyperactive, such as those with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD, are at a greater risk of dental trauma.

       Inappropriate use of teeth such as the opening of bottles or beverages also has a higher risk of dental trauma.

       Epilepsy, cerebral palsy, learning difficulties, or hearing or visual impairment all present a greater risk of dental trauma.

       Interpersonal violence such as physical abuse between partners or assault increases the risk of dental trauma.

       Clinicians must be vigilant for signs of physical abuse and consider liaising with their local safeguarding team or seeking advice from the Police.

       One of the most common complications of general anaesthesia is dental trauma during intubation procedures.

       More severe traumatic dental injuries are likely in road traffic accidents. Due to the severity of other, likely life‐threatening injuries, management of dental trauma may be delayed (Figure 1.5).

      Key Points

       Management of risk is the key to prevention.

       Those patients who have previously suffered dental trauma are more likely to have repeated episodes of dental trauma.

       The patient’s social circumstances play a huge role in the risk of trauma.

       Medical conditions affecting movement and proneness to falling also play a significant role.

       A risk assessment should be conducted for all patients to identify those that may benefit from preventive measures.

Photo depicts an example of a boil in the bag mouth guard. Photo depicts an example of a custom made mouth guard. Photo depicts a correctly extended maxillary mouth guard covering the teeth and soft tissue following the depth of the sulcus. Photo depicts an incorrectly extended maxillary mouth guard not covering the soft tissues adequately into the sulcus leaving this area unprotected at at higher chance of injury. Photo depicts the helmets for push bike travel.

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