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of Genomic Selection
Achieving Genetic Gain Through Genomics
Genomic Evaluations
GBLUP
BOLT
Use of Genomics in the Cattle Industry
Male Fertility
Female Fertility
Conception Traits
Pregnancy Traits
Calving Traits
Lifetime Productivity and Longevity
Emerging Genomic Technologies
Summary
References
77 Technological Advances that Enhance the Quantity and Quality of Spermatogenic Production
Feeding the 10 Billion Human Population
Increasing the Quantity of Spermatogenesis per Bull
Methods to Increase Sperm Production per Bull
Improving the Genetic Quality of Spermatogenesis
Surrogate Sires
References
78 Cryopreservation of Semen
Introduction
Principles of Cryopreservation
Role of Extenders Used for Cryopreservation
Role of Cryoprotectants in Bovine Semen Freezing
Steps for Cryopreservation of Bovine Semen
Dilution, Initial Cooling, and Packaging
Cooling Rates and Freezing
Semen Thawing and Storage
Newer Advances in Bovine Semen Cryopreservation
References
79 Utilization of Sex‐Selected Semen
Introduction
Sorting Sperm by DNA Content for Gender Selection
Commercialization of Bovine Gender‐Selected Semen
Artificial Insemination
Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer
In Vitro Fertilization
Reverse Sorting
Effect of Sex‐Sorting Procedure on Structural and Functional Parameters of Sperm
Cost and Revenues
Incidence of Stillbirth
SexedULTRA Technology
Conclusion
Summary
References
80 Control of Semen‐Borne Pathogens
Introduction
Bovine Viral Diarrhea
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
Tuberculosis
Campylobacteriosis and Trichomoniasis
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Arboviruses
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis
Control
References
81 Bovine Semen Quality Control in Artificial Insemination Centers
Introduction
Objective Assessment of Sperm Motility
Limitations of CASA Instruments
Analysis of Sperm Function by Flow Cytometry
Sperm Attributes Analyzed by Flow Cytometry
Limitations of Flow Cytometry
A Multiparametric Approach for Standardization and QC among SPCs
Summary
References
82 Superovulation in Cattle
Introduction
Gonadotropins and Superovulation
Follicular Wave Dynamics and Superstimulation
Superstimulation: The Traditional Approach
Synchronization of Follicular Wave Emergence for Superovulation
Summary
References
83 Embryo Transfer and Embryo
